FOREST AND STREAM. 
935 
keels, took first prizes o£ $20. The city authorities were 
liberal in the way of prizes, offering over $500 in prizes, 
though had the value of the prizes been doubled, in the 
larger classes at least, the municipal recognition of yacht¬ 
ing would have been more on a par with the importance 
of the Bport. However, one must not look a gift horse in 
the mouth, and the Bostonians deserve thanks for their 
effort to get up a good regatta. Newport City was equally 
liberal, and there was some good racing there the same 
day, as well as at Salem, where a lot of the small fry con¬ 
gregated, and at the regatta of the Duxbui'y Yacht Club. 
The strong breeze, which blew pretty well everywhere, 
rendered reefing indispensable, and caused many upsets, 
half the fleet started at Riverton under the auspices of the 
New Jersey Yacht Club being capsized, and four yachts 
disabled and one capsized, being the record of the Beverly 
Yacht Club racing. At Ogdensburg, out of eight start¬ 
ers, five gave up and one capsized, only two— Emma, of 
Kingston, and Peerless, of Brockville—completing the 
Course, the former, designed and built by Cuthbert, win¬ 
ning the prize. Tile Detroit Yacht Club had an exciting 
raae among their first class boats, the schooner Ives hav¬ 
ing a day to suit her, winning, while Ida eapsized and 
Myrtle very nearly foundered. In the second class, Way¬ 
ward won easily, Adelaide shipping so much water that 
she could hardly get along. 
The next event of importance was the regatta at Mar¬ 
blehead, of that splendid club, the Eastern, when ten 
schooners and five sloops—two of these modified cutters 
—came to the line. The wind was liuky from northwest, 
and lulled and freshened again during the race, in the 
course of which two yachts particularly distinguished 
themselves. Fearless, second-class schooner, and Enter¬ 
prise, cutter, the former doing superb work, turning to 
windward and beating the two larger schooners in the 
first class that alone managed to get in ahead of her, by 
time allowance, much iu the way that Count Batchqauy’s 
celebrated flyer, Flying Cloud, used to rub up her bigger 
sisters in schooner races. Fearless is certainly a rare 
good one, and the Sylph’s crew, at least, must have opened 
their eyes when they saw Mr. Phillips’ craft, which was 
nineteen minutes behind them at Davis’ Ledge, not only 
come right up to, hut actually pass them, take first prize 
and leave them the second only. Enterprise, which had 
given Regina aud Winsome a drubbing sometime before, 
in a bit of a blow and a seaway, polished off the swift 
Madcap, with just as much ease in the smooth water and 
light breeze. The fight in the first class for schooners 
was between Haley on. Phantom, and Foam, the first lead¬ 
ing at the start, but finally having to yield the pride of 
place to her larger rival, who, nevertheless, could not 
beat time lost by allowance to Mr. Paine’s vessel, Sylph, 
which, by the way, had pluokily entered at a greater 
length, sailed very well, and by a clever cast iu shore, 
headed the whole fleet at Davis’ Ledge buoy, though 
thereafter she was no match for fleet-footed Fearless, In 
the third schooner class and second sloop class, the racing 
was uninteresting, schooner Dream aud sloop Efflie mak¬ 
ing a clean bolt of it from the start and having the prizes 
safe all the way. 
On the 11th of July, two dayB later, the Chicago Yacht 
Club had four races, Cora sailing over in the first, Ina 
winning off Qui Vive, and Mamie and Anon giving up 
in the second, while in the third and fourth Nameless and 
Fleetwing respectively defeated four competitors. 
The Toledo Yacht Club, a new organization, held its 
first annual regatta on the 12th, with a light northerly 
wind to furnish the motive power to its four starters, 
Stella, Idler, Red Ribbon, and Ada, the former coming 
in first but losing on time to Red Ribbon. 
There was a tittle too much wind on the 15th for some 
of the “ships” of the Buffalo Yacht Club, and out of 
seven starters three gave up. Mr. I. P. Ellsworth’s sloop 
Curlew, won off Fleetwing, schooner, and Arrow, sloop, 
these two having a fine race with each other for second 
place, and Corsair, the biggest boat of the lot, being 
beaten by all three. The Duxbury Yacht Club held an 
open rega tta the following day, when Siren beat Lily and 
Triton beat Mercury, the two former being centre-boards, 
and the two latter keel sloops. 
Too little wind, on the other hand, favored the Royal 
Nova Scotia Yacht Squadron’s two races on the 19th. 
The original fixture was for the 12th, a week earlier, but 
that day a fog of. such portentiouS density and darkness 
covered Halifax Harbor, that it would havebeen positively 
dangerous to start the yachts in it. The 19th was clear 
but too calm, so that the race ended in something closely 
resembling a drift. Daphne led down wind, but the mo¬ 
ment sheets were flattened, Psyche was by her, and the 
skipper of this craft tacking at the wrong time and stretch¬ 
ing away in search of a better breeze, Phantom, very 
carefully handled, planted herself out in front, and won 
without difficulty. In the five ton race, two of the 
yachts entered withdrew, leaving Muta and Vixen to 
make a match of it; result: Muta first. Vixen nowhere. 
I have omitted to refer to the Marblehead Yacht Club 
regatta, open to all, sailed on the 17th in a fresh north.- 
west wind, that carried away the topmasts of two second 
class and two third class sloops, capsized one craft and 
nearly did the same to another, besides doing a lot of 
minor damage. There was a huge entry—one hundred 
and fifty names down, but discretion counselled seventy- 
eight owners not to risk themselves, their crews and 
their patent capsizing machines in the breeze then blow¬ 
ing. Still, seventy-two yachts, the majority of them 
open sailboats, started. The first class comprised four 
schooners— Breeze, Adrienne, Vip and Unique —which 
had met before. The first two sailed a fine race, Breeze 
winning eventually, but hard pressed by Adrienne, which 
has done very well in her first season, and should <j 0 
better still next year, as is generally the case with race r3 _ 
The Unique is, as her name implies, a model out of yj’ 
common, something like the famous English y«-< 
Jullanar, but does not seem to possess the Jspeed of her 
prototype, that, though ugly to look at, is a good one to 
go. All that can be said of Unique is that she stood up 
to her canvas well. A new schooner, Cyda, owned by 
Mr. R. C. Bridge, and built by Keating, of Marblehead, 
won first prize in her class, beating Loiterer, Annie and 
Mystic. Lillie, minus her topmast, headed the second 
class centre-board sloops, and Oael, among the keels, 
satisfactorilv accounted for Lottie and Sector, while 
Posy, Hard' Times, Hoiden and Inez scored in their re¬ 
spective classes. More than a third of the starters grace¬ 
fully withdrew from the contest before the races were 
over. 
Tile New York Yacht Club squadron, while cruising, 
had a spirited race on the 18th of August, in blowy 
weather, which brought up a sea that, quite regardless 
of ‘ 1 Podgers’ ” feelings and his views as to the relative dry¬ 
ness of decks of American and British yachts, washed freely' 
fore and aft the beamiest of the beamy, once they were 
close-hauled on a wind. Phantom and Tidal Wave were 
the first class schooners, but Phantom spoiled the race by 
Starting too early—a. remarkable circumstance iu a race 
under the premier club’s auspices—and getting disquali¬ 
fied. In the second class, Clio, Peerless, Azalea and 
Magic had a set-to, Clio sticking m front for a long time, 
but eventually'succumbing to Magic, which weathered 
on her in styles took aud kept the lead, and wound up by 
securing the prize. Peerless buried a good deal on the 
beat, taking lots of solid water aboard. Niantic and 
Vision were the first class sloops, and Niantic found it 
so pleasant to be ahead of her friend that she remained 
there aliday r . In the second class there were four ccm- 
jetitora— vixen, Rule. America and Mistral, ami a very 
follow race this proved; Visem, going like a bird over the 
seas, fairly squandered her fleet, and won as she pleased, 
hands down." 
A few days before, on the 9th, that very active society, 
the Sau Francisco Yacht Club, had a rare good race, a 
new yacht, Aanheuser, built to beat the crack Oonsuelo, 
making her first appearance, and fulfilling the purpose 
she was intended for. The third contestant. Pearl, split 
her oentre-board. Iu the second class Startled Fawn 
carried away her topmast, and Clara heat Frolic, while 
Lively, Zarifa and Magic won in their respective classes. 
During last winter and spring an immense deal of 
talking and writing wa,s done about sharpies, which 
were pronounced by some enthusiastic admirers—and 
builders—superior to every Other style of craft for every 
kind of work, though more moderate panegyrists con¬ 
tented themselves with claiming that this type was pe¬ 
culiarly adapted for use iu Certain waters. I rather think 
there was a sort of burlesque challenge issued by one of 
the sharpie men to sail his boat against the Vindex, if 
my memory does not play me false, in any weather, on 
condition only—and this is where the hidden joke came 
in, I suppose—that the match should be single-handed. 
After this geyser-like ebullition the sharpie excitement- 
cooled down, and I looked carefully through the columns 
of Foeest and Stream for reports of the awful thrash¬ 
ing the new boats were to give the old ones—in vain, how¬ 
ever. until one account did appear of a sharpie race on 
the Quinnipiac, on the 19th of August. And lo 1 the 
crack seaboats that do not “ spank,” carry shifting bal¬ 
last, and have to to hoist it out to windward on 
planks to enable them to stand up to their canvas 1 There 
—rub it out—let the sharpie rejoin the many other il¬ 
lusions of the yachtsman in the laud where steam cata-- 
marans outruu all other tea-ketrtles, and where 
“ Podgers," in his saucer, rescues countless orews of cap¬ 
sized cutters. 
Two day’s racing at Charlotte, N. Y., on the 20th and 
21st. The Oswego yacht Ella, and the well-known Ida, 
had a stand-up fight the first day for a $65 prize, Ella 
has been very much cracked up by her admirers and is 
reported a fast yacht; yet on this occasion, as on others, 
she was beaten. The next day saw five yaohts engaged 
in a drifting match ; they were Florence, of Sodus, Mys¬ 
tery, of Kingston, Mona, of Whitby, Pheivix, of Roches¬ 
ter, and Rosalie, of Charlotte. Florence being, appar¬ 
ently, like a craft I have had many a jolly sail in, “a 
devil to drift,” got in first and secured the dollars. Is 
not a drifting match ,par parentMse, an awful nuisance? 
I shall never forget a six hours’ spell at the tiller in a 
burning sun, aud the faintest of faint airs. It was infi¬ 
nitely more wearisome than a trick twice as long when 
cruising in a dense fog off a dangerous shore, with only 
one spare hand to mind the sail and heave the lead. 
It was aggravating in the extreme that the handicap 
race of the Eastern, Yacht Club, on the 20th could not 
be completed in time, as Foam, Rebecca, Enterprise, Mad¬ 
cap, Fearless, Latona, Romance, and Halcyon met, aud 
it would have been exceedingly interesting to compare 
their performances in a good breeze of wind. The Sylph 
and four others in the same class also started; but 
they were no luckier than the large boats, and the 
race had to be postponed until the fall regatta came off, 
and then the same misfortune happened. These are the 
drawbacks of yatekting, the thorns of the rose of racing, 
Well, we must grin and bear it. 
What a day, on the other hand, the “ Blue-Noses ” had 
on the 23U, when the cup, presented by Mayor Tobin of 
Halifax to the Royal Nova Scotia Yacht Squadron, was 
won by Sett Fou'm in a regular hard blow that com¬ 
pelled Bc-hooners of the largest tonnage to dowse sail and 
run for shelter. There were eleven entries, all sloops 
except the winner, and seven started. The first gust, 
however, was too much for Edith and Arizona, and they 
suddenly gave up. That game five-tonner Muta fought 
it out some time longer, but the further she went the 
worse it got; and her helm was put up just in season to 
save her from foundering. The twenty-ton Petrel dived 
into the head seas so frightfully, and took such volumes 
of solid water aboard—contrary to all accepted notions of 
what beamy sloops do in such weather—that she also bore 
up for the sinooter waters of the harbor, leaving Sea-Foam, 
Hebe, and Psyche to have it out. Of course, there could 
be but one result to such a young gale as was roaring 
and Seafowm flew in a winner, Hebe and Psyche having 
sailed a splendid and plucky, though useless, stern race. 
On the same day there was revelry at Swampscott, 
where the Beverly Yacht Club had brought together a 
perfect mob of yachts, having thrown open their races to 
all crafts not over 40 feet on Vater-line, with the result 
of getting 143 entries. Most happily for the sanity of the 
starters, the wind freshened up sufficiently to render it 
advisable for half a hundred of the “ canvas-hacks " to 
retire, so that it was possible to “accurately time” the 
ninety-four starters as they kept “ crossing the line in a 
steady stream.” It must have been awful! Eighty-two 
out of the ninety-four finished without sailing over each 
other, or swapping masts, 6ails, and crews “unbe¬ 
knownst ” to themselves, and for over an hour those un¬ 
fortunate judges were timing the yachts at the finish, 
What nightmares they must have had; but then the 
affair was a success, creditable alike to the club capable 
of making such a show, and to the yachts engaged, inas¬ 
much as “not a single protest was made, aud not a se¬ 
rious accident occurred.” Of course, it 4 b out of the ques¬ 
tion attempting to describe the racing, or oven to give 
the names of the eighteen winners of prizes in gold coin, 
the total amount reaching the sum of $285. Are not the 
names of the starters, and the appellations of their own¬ 
ers, and their port, and theii* length, and their rig, and 
their actual time, and their corrected time—are not all 
these, I Bay, written iu the chronicles of the Kings of 
Judah—1 mean in the columns of Forest and Stream? 
At the open regatta of the Buffalo Yacht Club, on the 
26th, the Bermudian fashion of allowing the time for 
difference of tonnage at the start, was tried, but how far 
the racers were satisfied with it I do not know. I would 
suggest to the club authorities to test, while they are ex¬ 
perimenting on starts, the method devised by a lively 
Frenchman for equalizing yachts, It has the merit of 
allowing them all to be started together, yet insuring 
that the first home shall be absolutely the winner. It 
consists in each yacht towing behind her a hawser, length 
and size determined by rule, the large vessels, of course, 
towing a greater scope, aud the smaller a lesser. 1 am 
not aware whether the inventor has succeeded in inducing 
any club to give his system a trial, but I perfectly re¬ 
member that a hawser won’t keep a fast yacht from win¬ 
ning off non-towing rivals. On the 4th of July, 1861, the 
Royal Thames Yacht Club sailed a schooner race, in a 
strong wind from southwest, from Rosherville round the 
Mouse and back. Three yachts started: Calalea, 124 
tons, built in 1860 by Hansen, of Cowes, for Mr. T. Broad- 
wood ; Alarm, 248 tons, built by Inman in 1830 for that 
great yachtsman, Mr. I. Weld, who designed her, and 
subsequently designed “the old” Arrow, Lntlworlh the 
firet aud Luhvorth the second ; and Albertine, 156 tons, 
Lord Lo ndesborougli, also built by Inmau, and a very fast 
vessel in those days. Alarm came in 19m. ahead of 
Albertine, and 36 'ahead of Galatea, winning off the 
former by more than five minutes on corrected time. 
Some days afterwards she was hauled up at Cowes for a 
cleaning, and her owner, in a letter to a sporting maga¬ 
zine, stated that the spring used at the R. T, Y. C, match 
to cast her, was found to have got between her rudder 
and the stern post. “This spring,” wrote Mr. Weld, 
“was 27 fathoms in length, and was made fast to the 
hawser she rode by, and in casting round at the start she 
broke this 6-inch hawser, which is thrown overboard at 
the time ; but, it being made fast to the spring, she towed 
the whole away after her in the race. The spring was 
3-inch rope, and was 27 fathoms long, the hawser 6-inch 
rope, and 24 fathoms long. The whole 51 fathoms she 
dragged not only in the race, but round to South¬ 
ampton.” 
To return to Buffalo—a big jump from Cowes (no pun 
intended)—and the race. The yachts having started suc¬ 
cessively with a light breeze, the first class, comprising 
two schooners, Hattie and Ives, and two sloops, Cannes 
and Cygnet, gave the spectators a proof of the beauties o 
a luffing match, ’jGannet and Ives ramming each other up 
in the wind, and letting Cygnet slip by and take first 
prize. In the second class there were four schooners and 
two sloops, Arrow and Fleetwing meeting again, and the 
former landing the prize. 
Having now got through the main events of August, I 
shall knock off and freshen the nip before filling away 
again on a September cruise. 
Rouge-Croix. 
YACHT DESIGN. 
Editor Forest and Stream 
I did not intend to reply to any comments made upon my arti¬ 
cle on yacht design. But your correspondent, “ Deja Dugo," 
seems not to have understood anything I said, as shown In his 
article tn Forest and Stream of November 27th. What I said 
of the Dauntless-Mohawk race was not to indorse the Mohawk 
model, but just the reverse; and if 1 was mistaken as to the re¬ 
sult of that race, It only goes to show the Mohawk a better boat 
tbau 1 took her to he, I have said distinctly in my article that I 
object to a flat boat with little ballast for a seagoing emit. I also 
object to the English cutter type, and think a medium the best. 
Then also your correspondent thinks I am mistaken In supposing 
the friction to be greater below the surface. That is something 
I said nothing about in my article, and so cannot be mistakeu. 
Neither did X say anything about compressing water. Also, Mr. 
Editor, you, In your comments on my article, attributed to me as 
indorsing the idea of the greater density of the water below the 
surface, when 1 said nothing whatever about it. What I did say 
was, that It requires more force to move the water a few inches 
at a eousiderable distance below the surface than It did to move 
it mauy feet at the surfaoe, and cited proofs to that effect. Here 
Is another principle in hydraulics in support of what I have said: 
—The pressure of water against whatever restrains its motion or 
holds it, increases as you descend from the surfaoe. 8o with a 
vessel. Under her bottom the pressure per square inch of sur¬ 
face is much greater tliau at-the surface, because of the weight 
of water above. As the pressure against the boat below lsgreater 
tban at the surface, may not the friction he greater ? Let some of 
the wiseacres answer. Davtd Kirby. 
Bye, Nov. Shift. 
Editor Forest and Stream 
In commenting on Mr. Kirby’s thoroughly sound opinions re¬ 
garding "yacht design’’ the editor of Forest and Stream re¬ 
marks that “ water, being incompressible, cannot be any thicker 
or denser below than near the surfaoe, and offers no more resist¬ 
ance to passage through it than auywhere else," etc. I hardly 
think this statement should be allowed to go on record unchal¬ 
lenged. 
It Is true that water cannot practicallybecondensed, but water, 
liko all fluids, has weight; weight causes pressure, and pressure 
must cause friction in proportion to the weight applied over or 
around any object, or portion thereof, being moved through the 
fluid. 
If the upholders of deep keels, etc-., doubt this to be a soientlflo 
fact, 1 would once again respeotfully suggest- that there is still a 
forty-foot boat, drawing eighteen Inches of water, lying anch¬ 
ored here, and waiting for company around Long Island. 
Rostyin, L. I., Nov .SiWk Thomas Cdapham. 
Editor Forest and Stream 
"Defend me, therefoi’e. Common Sense, say I, from reveries 
so airy, from the toil of dropping buckets in to empty wells, and 
growing old in drawing nothing up.’’—C owrer. 
Iu response to the remarks of Mr. Kirby, in your issue of the 
13th, criticising a previous article of mine on ‘‘keel yachts," I 
hardly know what to say. That he U a man of great practical ex* 
perieuce, no one will deny, and as suoh his laok of aoqualntanoe 
