52 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



Ausukt 17, 1883. 



all kinds; reptiles, such as tortoise*, turtles, terrapins, lizards. 

 serpents, frogs, newts, etc. .- aquatic ami otter birds hostile to 



lis). 6r lishin-: aquatic and amphibious iniiiuiiialia (otters, 

 seals, wbules, ete.i atui ottiersrletrimejir.il to lish; works on 

 ichthyology; maps illust-nting geographical distribution, mi- 

 gration, el.-., of fishes and -pawn: specimens' and representa- 

 tions illustrate o£ tJae relations between extinct and exist- 

 in,' lishes. 



CLASS VI.— HISTOUY AM) UTEHATdlK OK KISIIlXti.— EISHERr 

 LAWS.— FIKII COMMERCE. 



Ancient fishing Lmpletneots or Mieir reproductions— Models, 

 pi. I ures. hooks. ,.inl.|.Mns. charter* and -en Is of ancient nsh.-r- 

 ni.'ii guilds; fisliery laws of diSarent countries; copies of 

 treaties, conventions etc,, dealing with international fishery 

 relations: report-, sr itistics and literature of flsh, Hshing and 

 fisheries; reports on acclimatization of fish, and of attempts 

 In 1 his direction. 



CLASS VII.— LOAN COLLECTIONS. 



Collections within the scope of the foregoing classes. 



MONEY rtUZF.S. 



The committee will be prepared to receive and consider the 

 offerof money prizes for any special exhibits or essays con- 

 nected with the objects of the exhibition. 



PRIZE essays. 



i E1W. The Natural History of Commercial gen ftshes E 

 l.r.-at Britain and rreland, with special reference to such 

 parts of their natural history as bear upon their production 

 and commercial us.-. 



Note— This would in. -hid- natural history, food. I 

 loealiti-s lish fi-pient ar different seasons and nrtincittl pro- 

 pagation, (This will not include the Salmonide.) Prize of- 

 t.-r-.l i.v Sir II. I'eek. I'.ai-I . M P. 



-.'. £100, Th.-etleci of the existing national and Interna- 

 tiona) laws for the regulation and protection of deep sea fish- 

 eries, u-uli surest ions for iinpi-.n-eni.-ut-. in said law ,. 



:;. film. Ilclatioii, ,>,- Tin- Suit' with li-hermenand fisheries, 

 including all matters dealing with their protection and regu- 

 lation. 



Note.- This would relate to home legislation affecting reg- 

 ulations r.ir ashing vessels, protection of spawning beds 

 Close time fif any) for salt water lish. 



4. lido. On. improved facilities, for the capture, economic 

 transmission and distribution of sea fishes. 



Note.— On improved net* and mode* of catching salt wal r 

 fish, the application of steam Do deep .--a fisheries' tin- advan- 

 tag - of steam carriers, greater facilities to be given hv rail- 

 way companies in regard to rates, refrigeratim.- van's, new 

 and improved lisli mark-T-. -old storim: rooms for ditto 



6, fcHJO. On improved fishery harbor accommodation for 

 Breat Uritainand Ireland. Indicating the localities most in 

 need of su£h, harbors, the general prin.-iples on which t!n^ 

 should be constructed and the policy the State should adorn 

 in aiding and encouraging harbor accommodation for fish- 

 inc purposes. 



Note.— Th- cif.-ct of the Pasftiflg Tolls Act, 1861, the causes 

 which led to its failure, grants to supplement local efforts, 

 loans n low rate of interest, period to which they should be 

 extended. 



second-class prizes. ieach,) 



1. (Jn tie? legislation at present applicable to the salmon 

 fisheries m Scotland (including the River Tweed), and the 

 heart meansof improvingit 



-'• "nth- .-.a' .:• ' present applicable to the .salmon 

 fisheries m England and Wales, and the best means of im- 

 proving it. 



:.. (hi tie- l.-^rislatioii a! present applicable to the salmon 

 fisheries in Ireland, and the best means of improving it. 



l. i Id the ii,i rodu-.-tiou and acclimatization of foreign fish 



5. thi the propagation of freshwater lish. excluding Sal- 

 niouidie. 



i.. tin the propagation of the Saltnonidre. 



'.. i In oyster culture. 



8! On the best means of increasing the supply of mussels 

 and other molhisks {oysters excepted) used either for bait or 

 food. 



... £•;>. On the best system of life insurance for fishermen, 

 and of insuring b-.ets. tear, nets. etc. 



10. A descriptive account of the angling societies of the 

 metropolis, showing their origin, extent and constitution; as 

 well 



11. < 



•a! 



ditioos of the Sea in relation to reproduction," growth and 

 migrations of fish. 



REGULATIONS. 



1. All competitors sh.«. inc. use. iiioir names and addresses 

 inn cover to the secretary: the subject of their essays and 

 their motto to !>•• clearly written on the outside of such cover. 



:.'. Juror- win be appointed to adjudicate upon the various 

 essays, and where possible it is proposed to secure the aid of 



the whole, or part of anv that i 

 tiou. Kssnvs not published v 

 tion Of the writers, but the coi 



..Hi. 



of the. exhibition lit 



5. The judges, are not bound to award a prize unless they 

 consider one of the essay, deserving of it. 



ii. No prize shall be -riven for an essay which has alreadv 

 appeared in print. 



7. All essays with the motto attached must be addressed 

 to the secretary of the Great International Fisheries Exhibi- 

 tion. 1883, London. 



R. Every essay must be written, in the English language or 

 must be accompanied by an English translation, and must be 

 seut in so as to arrive at the offices of the exhibition on or 

 Before -May 1, l^So. 



THE AMERICAN FISHCULTURAL ASSOCIATION. 



PROOF.KTlINr.S ELEVENTH AN .VITAL MEETIKR. 



MATERIALS loi: .\ HISTORY OF THE BWOl.D-I- IKII. 



BY G. BROWN GOODE. 



[C.OXTIN-CBU.] 



PERIODICAL MOVEMENTS QF THE SWORD-FISH— TIMES QB Alt- 

 RIVAL AND DEPARTURE. 



Before entering upon a discussion of the movements of the 

 sword-fish and their cause., ji seems desirable to bringto- 



gcther tin- faeU which hav- been learned, b 



nd ae 



Eai 



ford that the season opens in the neighborhood of Sandv 

 Hook about th- first oi June, and ..-. umu-s along the coast as 

 far east as Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket Shoals until 

 about the middle of September, lie has heard of their being 

 caught as far east as Cape Sable. At the first cold winds of 

 heptember lie-, disappear. They are. like the mackerel, at 

 first very poor and lean, but as" the season advances they 

 grow fatter. 



Mr. John H. Thomson, of New Bedford, who kindly inter- 

 viewed some of the local fishermen, writes: -The "sword 

 fish appear on our coasi south ol. Block. Island, about M»\ 8B 

 to June 1. They appear to come from the southwest, or just 



inside i he track of the Gulf Stri 

 the Vineyard Sound and vi-init 

 10 or 1'.. then appear to leave, v 

 are. to be. found to the southeast 

 die of July. This school is com 

 fish averaging about ISO pom 

 thout head and tail, as thev 



i'v gradually approach 

 • June and" until July 



The 



nallesl. a 



to. 



■in pounds; 

 and weighing 800 pou 

 plumb.-. -us hue, darkei 

 •'Of late year- a noil 

 (.'ape Cod and George's 

 fish are altogether dii 

 from SO > to SOO pounds 

 tins week conversed w 



has all his life I n 



captun-d about uin.-tv 

 not the same school. 

 abundance in average 

 Cogs. etc. They come 

 close schools lik-- other 

 of the water, th- who 



■ nth- 



light 



f-Uv. 

 asl. of 

 These 

 Weighing 



last ..| ii. 

 that thev 

 -which': 



of o 



e driv 



. off by the approach 

 weather. 

 Capt. R. H. Hurlbert took 



George's banks, in November. ISTa. in a 

 The first sword-fish of th- season of 1 



80, southwestot Montauk Point; its weij 

 One liken oil Woman's Land. July id. 



dr-s-.-l I -.'ii pounds, and m-.-.i-iir- 

 No ::-'-o.. which was exhibited in the I 



• H Philadelphia. 

 Capt. Benjamin Ashby, of Noank. Op) 



, 1 



icra! school, not in 

 sd over the surface 

 the fishermen the 

 he so named.'' 

 fish appear on the 

 - JOth .a June, and 

 i'fi-'. begin to loave 

 seen as inl ■ -,- ,;-- 



-r,.| and menhaden 

 named, and which 



if winter and rough 



iword-tish on 



IV-sto 



i taken June 

 s 186 pounds, 

 weighed when 

 ast was taken 

 mo.nt Kuilding 



ii.-- mills southeast, of Montauk. At Hi-cud ..I August Ihov 

 are most abundant in the South Channel. Captain Ashby 

 never saw them at any time so abundant as August 15, IS59, 

 lie was cruising between th-urge's Hanks and the South 

 Shoals. It was a cairn day, .after a fog. He could at anv 

 : on see twenty-five or thirty from the masthead. They turn 

 South when snow comes. 



Capt George H. Martin, of East Gloucester, telle me that 

 the idoncester vessels employed in this fishery expect to be 



on the fishing grounds south of (.; -go's Hnnks'bv the 10th of 



June. They almost always find the fish thereon their arri- 

 val, following lie- - -hooi-of mackerel. Thee •Tend on sound- 

 ings." like the mackerel. The first sword-fish of 1877 was 

 taken Jnne 10: the first ol ISjS, June H. 



The statements already quoted, and numerous conversa- 

 tions with fishermen not here recorded, lead me to believe 

 that sword-fish are most abundant on the shoals near the 

 shore and on the banks during th,: months of July and Au- 

 gustjtha! tiiey make their appearance on the frequented 

 cruising grounds between Montauk .Point and the eastern 

 part of George's Banks some, time between the :i">th of May 

 and th.- .'"ill of June, and thai they remain until the approach 

 of cold weather in October or early in November. The dates 

 of the capture ol the Brst fish on the cruising ground referred 

 to are recorded for three years, and are reasonably reliable: 

 1S75, June :io; 1877, June 1": lils June 14. 



South of the cruising ground the dales of arrival and de- 

 parture are doubtless farther apart : northand east the season 

 shorter. There are do means of obtaining information, since 

 the men engaged in this fishery are the only ones likely to re- 

 member the date? when the fish are seen. 



REASONS OP THE COMING iJF BWORD-FKU II'ON OUR COAST. 



The sword-fish comes into our waters in pursuit of its food. 

 At least this is the most probable explanation of their move- 

 ments, since the duties of reproduction appear to be. performed 

 elsewhere. Like the. tunny, the bluefish, the bonito, and the 

 squeteaguc, they pursue and prey upon the schools of men- 

 haden and mackerel, which are so abundant in the summer 

 months. --When you see sword-fish, you may know that 

 ma<ikerel are about!". said an old fisherman tome." "Where you 

 see the fin-back whale following tood, there you find sword- 

 fish!" said another. The sword-fish also feeds upon squid, 

 which are at times abundant on our banks. 



THE INKLEE.N-CE OF TEMPERATURE UPON THE MOVEMENTS OF 

 THE SWimn-FISH. 



To what extent this fish is amenable to the influences of 

 temperature is an unsolved problem. We are met at the out- 

 set by the fact that ihcv are frequently taken on trawl linos, 

 which are set at the depth of 100 tat horns or more on the off- 

 shore banks. We know that the temperature of the water at 

 those localities, and , lt that depth is sure to be less than 40 



dc- .Fahrenheit. How is this I a-t lob- r nciled with the 



known habit- of the lish. that it prefers the warmest weather 

 of summer and swims at the surface in water of temperature 

 ranging from .Videg. tolOdeg.. sinking when cool winds blowr 

 The case seemed clear enough until this inconvenient discov- 

 erj wasmade, that, sword-fish arc taken on bottom trawl- 

 lines. In other respects their habits atrree closely with those 

 of the mackerel tribe, all the members of which seem sensi- 

 tive to slight changes in temperature, and which, as a rule, 

 prefer temperalnre in the nei dioorhood of 50 dog. or more. 



There is one theoiy by which this dun .ulty may be avoided. 

 We may suppose that the sword-fish take the hooks on their 

 way down to the bottom; that in their struggles they get en- 

 tangled in tho line and hooks, and <vheu exhausted sink to 

 the bottom. This is not improbable. A conversation with 

 some fishermen who have caught them in this way develops 

 the tact that the fish are usually much tangled in tho line, and 

 are nearly lifeless when they are brought to the surface. A 



confirmation Ls found :n i (SeTvations of Captain linker, 



ho tells 



the 



li-le-! 



that thev only take the hook whet) the tide is running very 

 swiftly and the lines are trailing out in the tide-wav at a con- 

 siderable distance from the bottom, and that tic- "sword-fish 

 strike for the bottom as soon a- they are hooked. This theory 

 is not improbable, as I have already remarked, but I do not 

 at present advocate it verj strongly. I want more facts be- 

 fore making up rav own mind. .\i present the relation of 

 tho sword-fish to temperature must be left without being un- 

 derstood. 



The appearance of the fish at the surface depends ap- 

 par-ntlv upon temperature. They are seen only upon quiet 

 summer days, in the morning before, ten or eleven o'clock and 

 in the afternoon about four o'clock. Old fishermen sav that 

 ■ hen tho mackerel rise, and when the mackerel go 

 down I hey go down also. 



PROBABLE WINTER HABITAT OF TOE SWOKn-l ISH. 



Regarding the winter abode of the sword-fish conjecture is 

 useless. I have already discussed this question at length with 

 reference to the menhaden and mack.-n-l With the sword- 

 fish the conditions are vei v different. The former .are known 



is the hypothesis of a sojourn in the middle strata of mid- 

 ocean cxactlv tenable. Perhaps they migrate to some distant 

 region, where they spawn. But then the spawuin,- tin-- of 

 this species in the Mediterranean, as i related in a sqbse- 

 cmenl paragraph, appears to occur in the summer months, at 



theverytime whei ■ swordiish arc thronging our own 



waters, apparently with no care for tie- perpetuation of their 



MOVEMENTS OF INDIVIDUAL SWOKD-KISJHES. 



A Rword-flsh when swimming near the surface usually 

 allows its dorsal fin and the Upper lobe of its caudal tin to be 

 visible, projecting ont of the water t- [( its this 



habit which enables the fisherman to detect tke presence of 

 the lish. It .-Aims slowly along, and the fishing schooner 

 with -i light breeze finds no difficulty in overtakiiu: it. When 

 notions are very rapid and nervous. Sword-fish 

 are sometimes seen to leap entirely out. of the water. Early 



what we do of" its violc-m her time.-.. The 



pointe'd head, the fins of the back and ab 1 .men snugly lining 

 lUto grooves, the absence of ventrals. th- long, lithe, muscular 

 bodv. sloping slowly to the tail, tit it for the most rapid and 

 forcible movement through the Tot Richard Owen, 



testifying in an English court in regard to its' oower. s.ji.l; 



"It strikes with the accun of fifteen double 



handed hammers. Its velocity is equal to tho ol a swivel 

 shot, and is as dangerous in its effects as a heavy artillery 

 projectile." 



M tiiv -,-erv curious in-li.i ■-• .:- • ■■ r - ad of the encounters 

 of this lish with other fishes or oi ih-ir attacks upon ships. 

 What can be the inducement for it to at tact objects so much 

 larger than itself it is hard o. surmise. Every one knows 

 the couplet from Oppiun: 



'-Nature her bounty to his mouth confined, 

 (lave hita a s-.vord, but left unarmed his mind.'' 



I ■ 



i-l-.- 





sanit v sometimes takes 

 ■ i hat. when harpooned, 

 iailant. An old 

 a vessel had been struck 

 v of ,t 



tireryunprovoked assault on vessels at sen. Many of the* 

 are recounted in a later portion of this mem .ir. Their move- 

 ments when feeding arc discussed below, as well as their 

 alleged peculiarities of movement during the breeding setison. 

 It is the universal testimony of our fishermen that two are 

 never seen swimming close together, (,'aptain Ashbv says 

 that they are always distant from each other at least thirty 

 or forty" feet. 



[TO BE CONT1XIED.J 



lhe Mennel. 



FIXTURES. 



January 9, in. un.l ll. 1882.— Mei'iden Poultry Association Bench 



Show, .'Merideii. Conn. Joshua Sluite. S: ..-tare. !'.« Hohart sire-i. 



M-n-l. n. Conn. 



BENCH SHOWS. 



April::. 4, B uod 6,188a Western Pennsylvania Pbultr; 

 Fifth Annual Bench Show. Pittsburgh. }'a. Hntries for the Beuch 

 Show Derby, for English setters whelped on or after March I. 1BBSI, 

 dose December 1,1882, Chns. Lincoln, Superintendent. 1. B. Stay- 

 ton, Secretary. Allegheny City. Pa. 



FIELD TRIALS. 



September 4.— National American Kenn-1 1 Hub Field Trials on Trairie 

 Chickens. Fairmont . Minn. K.nlries for the IVrbv close July I, for the 

 All-aged. Sepi. 1. .Ins. II. D.'w. ( 'olumljia. 'I'eiin.', Secretary. 



November 17 Eastern Field Tri.iis clnl, Field Triitls on (juall, near 

 High Point. N. r. Entries forth- Derby elr 

 Aged and Members' Stake. November 1, ] 

 New York, Secretary. 



December 4— National A ric.-ci Kennel Club Field Trials 



Grand Junction. Term. 1). Prvs.jn, M-ennnis. Tenti.. Secret!: 



December II— New Orleans tjnn i 'tub Meld Trials or Quual, Opfilou- 

 siis. :.a. Entries close December ll. .1. :%'. Rootiud, s 



Orleans, i.a. Entries for tec Club inn c! se Deceinher I. 



n Quail, 



ST. BERNARD AND MASTIFF IMPORTATION. 



THURSDAY. August ". we visited the steamship .state of 



to Monarquts one of the best all rouud St. Bernard dogs that, 

 we have seen in a long time. He has a grand head, beauti- 

 fully marked. His color is a dark orange tawny, slightly 

 brindled, and with considerable white, lie stands a trifle 

 over thirty inches at the shoulder, and has a good body, with 

 capital lets -and f.-et. He curies him-.-lf r.-vdiv. and when 

 he is put in good condition v -will prove the 



peer of anv one of the breed in the country. Ii 

 ported by Miss Arnold. Of New York, who will keep him as a 

 companion and pet, a position for which he is woll qualified, 

 as lus disposition is oi I he best. We i rust that tus . 

 will gratify the lovers of this noble breed of dogs by exhibit- 

 ing him at the show of the Westminster Keuuel Club next 

 spring. Monarijue was three vears old last month. lie was 

 bred by Mr. F. Uoddine. and is bv Sultan out of Annie. He 

 was exhibited at Belfast in isso. wmnin-.' lirsl. On board the 

 same vessel there was a capital, mastiff bitch, consigned to 

 Mr. \V. Wad-, of Pittsburgh. Pa. il-r boo: Is I'm.;, !l. 

 She is one of Miss Hesketh's breed, and is in wh-lp to Taurus II. 

 (E. K. C. S. B. ti.S'.ih. These were a il the particulars that we 

 learned about her. Although rath -; 



one, with immense hone for her size. She shows lots of qual- 

 ity, and her owuer may well ha proud of her. Both SI on- 

 arque and Dinah IL were purchased for their owners by Mr, 

 W. Graham, of Bslfast. Ireland. 



A GHASTLY POINT'.— Of all the points made by dog's on 

 Tuesday, when thousands of men were out shDOQ 

 cock, none was of more importance than that made near the 

 Rifle Range by a pointer owned bv Thomas Morris, of Ironde- 

 The do-.; found —v. ral wo! 



bird \ 



j to act strangely, as 

 cnt forward he found the 

 las Morris nol.ili ;.l iii- 





id ule: 



. In 



Morris will re ' ivo 1 1 

 of the body.— Hochc 



iposed to h .-. .- b ■ -a mu • 1 rod 

 rother. who was near by, and 

 Ii.: vicinity, and then informed 



. were 



■ ' b -n 



of wat?r in the su-.i mp. and if 



.-■owit 



ily n.>v--- . i Mr. 



.f il/50 offered forth- recovery 



DUEE OF BEAUFORT— Mr. .f. H. Good-oil's Duke of 

 Beaufort has arrived home from his visit to England . : n capi- 

 tal condition and looking buttar than ever. Ai-eompanv-iug 

 him was a bitch that w • will notice more fully n---;: 

 we have been finable to 1-. :iru any ij.irticul.n-s regal . 

 -,-ason for this issue. 



THELA\i:i:a''1- 



by Mr. ibn-zbergsii 

 ported, §55: A. i'. .'• 

 ter, Flatbush, Pa.. | 



: mi i.s'i;: 



ENT.— Thofi 



