Nov. 30, tSS'2.1 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



349 



in the water, a combination pf the two makes the Au Sable that these eggs are so very large that they indeed had believed 



region a very paradise to lie sportsman 

 Unit there arc Irfhes neav by 

 ast the river is with grayling 

 and doer arc -ill 'in season' 



A. i 



thiol, should h;i 

 cLollghl in the 

 •'Fiam tal 





g power for nil Who take 



L'.xt time you go for gray- 

 11 present'.— not excepting 

 v. h.i had never before in- 

 hi-; beloved bass. I more 

 hi-; desire lo accompany 

 m:il intimation I hat. there 

 diborhoo J of this famous 

 G. D. 



• Bullelii 



BROOK TROUT AND RAINBOW TROUT. 



i the flatted Stated 



dr. I.i\ in;;sion Stone, 



ntinali*), and 



fmUnoii* is rather a 



it it), lint don't you' 



ords Sabno foiMinalta 



"y we thought 



r 8^1 IK following, from CI 



L Fish Commissi,,,,, a,-- replies Oy 

 to questions of fferr von Bear, conceri 

 I,— Eiao&K Tbout (Sal 

 II.— C w.uohnia Titoi:T [Bitimo 

 l.-Wr always hear now thai SaSmo 

 U« (and there i- no doubt abc 

 h.-n-e < mi- Truitaffprio? You use the t 

 and brook troul as synonymous, while for 

 brook trout to be our Trutta fin,:' 



A It is line that the New England brook troul, some- 

 times culled the American toook trout and commomy known 

 In the name of Sahno fonUnaUa, is properly :i Solvelinus 

 ■ ■i Ghreat Britain 

 ,ai has never 



(.1 Ku 



does not exist 

 sisted in America. The coinmon brook ti 

 fnuihuilis) of New England and other .States of the Atlantic 

 slope is not the Common brook trout of Europe {Trutta 

 fario). 



My following questions arc meant about Sahw-fontinulis 

 (Bahelin lis): 



2,— How heavy do they get? 



,\ —Tie or common brook (rout of 



the Atlantic slope varies verv much in size and weight, 

 Those found in high altitudes'in the very small and usually 

 cold rivulets thai ionn (he headwaters of the streams are the 

 smallest, and often are of such diminutive size that they will 

 not average over two or three ounces each. The larger and 

 .somewhat warmer brooks lower down, that are formed by 

 the Confluence Of these little rivulets, furnish tin- next larger 

 size t»f fonMjiAUs, and so on till We come to the streams 

 emptying into the ocean or the great lakes, where we find 

 the largest of the species. 



Brook trout were thought to attain the weight of nine or 



ten I 



George Shdpard l'ige iiuhc Ran 

 be ■■■:,■ eog twa* since which I 

 Wilgtt of fcU'Ma& baa fca 1 ; ••■ 

 think it possible for/<mft»fl#sto 



most favorable eireuinstnnecs, nl 

 Atlantic brook trout of three or I 

 ■in, lv rare even in tidal strati 





in He 

 ered o 



tod l 



! DOt 



id or tin 



i fot- 



iy Mr. 

 e'.-v Lakes was declared to 



Pall a little, though 1 still 

 attain u weight, under the 

 seven or eight pounds; lint 

 nir pounds are now gelt' ng 

 is, and in the brooks farther 

 larter- of a pound isconsid- 



; in the same water with Truttafarid or 

 Sid: no iridea.' 



X.—SaMinuafontinalh has never been found naturally liv- 

 ing together with Trutta far to or Salmo iridea. But since the 

 introduction by human agency of foatinalis in Great Britain, 

 fontinalis has occupied the same waters with Trutta furin, 

 and since the California brook trout have been brought to 

 the Atlantic dope these two latter varieties [Sttlrtlinus fontt- 

 ii/ilis H Salmo iridea) have lived together in the same waters. 



4. -What time are Salmo fontt /talis caught by angling? 



A. — SalFclin us fontinalis can be caught by angling in the, 

 latitude of New York city from about the 1st of April to 

 about the 1st of October, 'though I believe the close season 

 begins somewhat before October 1. Before about the 1st of 

 April the water is usually so cold that the trout do not feel 

 much like biting, and after the 1st of October the spawning 

 season is so near that they do not care then much about bait 

 <)■■ any food. As one goes farther north the season for ang- 

 ling begins later and ends earlier. Treut are not found 

 much south of the latitude of New York city, except athigh 

 levels. 



g. —With what fly or bait? 



A.— Trout fishing in this country is done mostly with 

 artificial flies. The different variety of flies used are innu- 

 merable. Those which are considered the most effective, 

 taking the season through, are perhaps the "Professor," 

 "Montreal," "Jennie Lind," "Coachman," Black Gnat." and 

 "Cowdung." When bait is used the common angle worm 

 is the favorite lure for trout, but grasshoppers, various dies 

 and insects, and particularly the grab worm, are used at 

 different seasons and in various localities with good results. 

 Salmon spawn also makes a good bait when it canixs pro- 

 cured. 



6. — Do they spawn also in lakes like other Saltxlinua, or 

 only in rivulets like Trutta fevrio? What months? 



A. — Atlantic coast trout, like Trutta fario. spawn almost 

 exclusively in brooks and rivulets; and manifest a strong 

 impulse to" ascend the streams to a considerable distance. 



them to be lake trout eggs. 



A. — There is, properly speaking, but one kind of Sufoeli- 

 nu& fontinalis, but they vary very much in quality. For cx- 

 ;.ie. the small fish of the small, high rivulets, though 

 very sweet and delicious when cooked, are. not nearly as 

 hand-omc and plump and tempting in looks aft the trout 

 lower down, say in the Cape Cod and Long Island streams. 

 .\. idle,- do they ever groW as large, neither are their eggs as 

 large. As to 'the eggs of the largest laced of brook trout 

 1 think 1 may venture the assertion that they arc fully 

 twice as large. 'as those of the eggs of the fish of mountain 

 rivulets. 



0.— Of what Slate and lake were these? So I dare Ray 

 you have dilferenl kinds of ScKmo fmxUiWlii, Is this the 

 case? 1 bought, for some years; eggs of Mr, Annii. and of 

 the Charlcstown Cold Spring trout ponds. Were these 

 probably of the same kind as ihose you presented to me tl 

 short lime ago! 



A.-Thc egg 

 lake ti-'Uil. We 



( hnki s [Kinds 

 variety of fish [tjaiveuww 

 Mr. Aimin and from the fjl 

 town. N. II.: but Mr, I la 

 ally fine fish. 



it). — You observed that you had a Salmo iridea hatching- 

 house in one of your Eastern States. Do the Sat,,)', iridea 

 spawn there at the same time as in California — in the spring? 

 Which months are the spawning time in California 

 (McCloud River), and which in the Eastern Plates hatehing- 



lent to Germany, and Aral by mistake called 



i M ii hi 



■font, 



They 'were from Mr. 



They were eggs of lie- same 

 oniinalu) as those received from 

 IdSpring troul ponds ut Charles- 



-ke's eggs were from eveeption 



jd Rivnr they spawn from about the 



i. the middle of May; mil so varied in 



id temperature is the State of California 



informed, is spawning somewhere 



er, they cannot do better, they will, like other 

 n on the shores of hikes, always seeking either 

 lot or a clean gravelly one, or both. Their 

 Diiiie, vary verv much, probably according to 

 ure of the water. Al theGold Spring trout 

 larlest'own, N. II., the trout almost invariably 

 rt-n die second week in October, und end before 

 Forth* north in ordinary brooks they spau Q 

 •ther south they spawn somewhat later, and in 

 ponds or streams which are fed by springs large enough to 

 keep the water of very even temperature through the cold 

 montl s, tin- tront spawn fiom the 1st of November till some 

 lime in April. 



7. — Are they thought "rood lor pond cultilic? 



-'■ B the first rank 



Wbe 

 charr 

 a apri 

 spawning mi 



the tempera! 



ponds, al Oh 

 begin to spa' 

 Christmas. 



earlier. Eai 



houses? 



A.— 1„ the MeCh 

 middle ,,r January t 

 elevation, latitude a 

 that ifid. a. 1 haveb 

 in the Mao- e\ ; -rv month in the y 



It is unquestionably true that the spawning season of 

 Salmo Mika depends on the- climate, that expression being 

 understood to include all ejh'malic influences of every kind" 



Salmo vridca spawns in the McCloud Biver. as has been 



mentioned. from the middle of January Pi the middle of 

 May, In the eastern hatehin<r-houses the same fish spawns 

 in March, April and May. 



11. — Does the Salmo vridea keep, in ponds, its stronger 

 appetite and greater vitality thev speak so much of in Cali- 

 fornia? 



I read in the small book "Fish Hatching, Fish Catching," 

 thai they arc more -vigorous In every way than the Eastern 

 trout, but ore uoi as handsome, have no carmine specks, but 

 will live well in captivity and grow rapidly. 



A.— Salmo iridic retains its capacity for eating voraciously 

 when confined in ponds, and when confined seems to keep up 

 its well-deserved reputation for having a hardy and vigorous 

 organization, though 1 should hardly waul 'to admit that 

 irma possesses any greater vitality than fontinalis. I 

 agree entirely with your quotation from "Fish Hatching 

 and Fish Catching," that they are more vigorous in every 

 way than the Eastern trout, but are not as handsome, have 

 no carmine specks, but will live well in captivity and grow 

 rapidly, except that I should want to substitute the word 

 "hardy" for "vigorous." It docs not. seem Co mc that the 

 California brook trout arc more vigorous than the Atlantic 

 brook trout, but they are undoubtedly more hardy. 



12.— Mr. Von dem Borne desires mc to ask the follow- 

 ing question: 



What kind of places do those four above-mentioned fishes 

 select for spawning; running or still water, on plants, 

 stones, on gravelly or sandy or muddy r bottom; in deeper 

 shallow water? 



A. — Iu reply to Herr Borne's inquiry, allow me to say 

 thntSalwlinus foiUiniilis and Sal. mo iridea. always seek clear, 

 running water and a gravelly bed where they may deposit 

 their eggs, 



13. — Is there only one California trout, or is the trout 

 of McCloud River the true rainbow trout, and has Cali- 

 fornia another mountain trout? 



A.— There is but one California trout which has been in- 

 troduced into the Atlantic States, and, indeed, but One that 

 has been much cultivated. This is Saimo iridea, or the 

 "rainbow trout, "or the "California mountain trout, "or "Mc 

 Cloud Biver trout," these three names last given being syno- 

 nymous. Whenever anyone hears anything about Salmo 

 iridea, or "rainbow trout," or California mountain trout," or 

 "McCloud River trout," he may know that the same fish is 

 always meant under all these different names. California 

 has several other mountain trout, but, they are not vet much 

 generally known or much cultivated. 



14.— Which one do you intend to send us? 



A. — Consequently the California trout which Professor 

 Baird intends to send to Germany' is the fish (Salmo iridea) 

 just mentioned. 



15. — What month does it spawn? Californian Salmo 

 quinnal spawns at home much earlier than our Salmo solar, 

 but I might suppose that this entirely depends on the climate, 

 because the California- salmon which our Mr. Schuester 

 raised in his tanks up to spawning time did not spawn in 

 the California time, but in our Saimo solar time (November) 

 or very near so. 



A, — This question has already been answered under 10, 

 which see. 



A TROUT POISONING CASE. 



,-olvhu the owner* 

 Supreme 

 Court of Livingston county, N. Y. The stream is owned 

 or leased bv several persons and is the celebrated Caledonia 

 Creek. 

 On trial the following facts were brought out: James 



i-olil 



to be different kinds 



A.— In A: 



as a fish to be cid 

 by springs o 

 these qualiti 



8.— There sc 

 in United Mat 

 Of egg«, which 

 declared bv V. 



saraa 



The assertion thai. Mr. I'iiru's larg? trout \ 



l<lll.!M. is,U01V t 



tin F .vr.-iiS 



LAST week a most important c 

 ship of trout in a si ream, was decided in tiir 



illx 



mt pose 



»ilmaf„, 



•efed 

 tsing 



to what the results would be. The answer is a general 

 denial of the allegations in the complaint, and also denies 

 ii.,i Annul had anv ownership in the trout, win u plaintiff 

 e-ted. defendant's attorneys moved for a non-surl on the 

 grounds thai Bah in a flowing stream, never having hi t n in 

 actual possession, could not be subject of property, and that 

 as Annul did not own the fish he could not recover. Geo. 

 W. Sill, for plaintiil, combatted this claim, and the court 

 denied the motion. 



The case was tried before o jury, which irave a verdict foi 

 Mr. Annin of §180 and costs. 



FISHING NEAR NEW YORK. 



S a supplement to the account of our "hassing" clubs." 

 given in a recent number, we print the following con- 

 ost-ning the local fishing near New fork in November and 

 December, from the N . V . Sun of Nov. 23. It is mainly cor- 

 Hiiladclpliiaii in the use of 



A 



reel and bears the marks of 

 the word "dipfiey." It say 



The extent, and number (T local fishing gn 

 variety of species of fish caught thereon, mi 

 near New York city bonanzas for the angl 

 these grounds daily from the early spring, wh 

 gins, till the late fall, when the striped bass ru 

 and salt estuaries, only stopping when win 

 waters with an icy film. In truth, old basseri 

 crying for a norther to chill the East and Hudson rivers, 

 saying truthfully that the big bass won't conic up until we 



" he 



uikIs. and the 

 KU the waters 

 is, who work 

 n fronting be- 

 up the livers 

 er covers the 



re even now 



Annin, Jr.. is the lessee of half a mile or more of Spring 

 Creek, in the village of Caledonia. He derives his rights 

 from a lease made by the father of the defendant. At the 

 head of tin: .stream are two mills and a dam. the gates of 

 which separate the water in the mill pond from that, of the 

 creek. During the summer months the water in the pond 

 becomes .stagnant and the weeds rive forth disagreeable 

 odors. On the 31st of August; 18S0. the gates of the dam 

 were opened to let out the water for the purpose of killing 

 rhe weeds. This was accomplished, but the water, loaded 

 With, vegetable impurities, Ume and sulphur, mixing with 



| the waters ol Spring Creek, tilled large quantities of trout 

 therein and did similar damage to the troul in ihe ponds of 



I the State butchery house nl Miimford. three-quarters of a 



I mile down stream. Mr. Annin brought suit against Mi-Kay 

 for a thousand dollars damages, alleging in his com- 

 plaint that McKay opened his gates with full knowledge, as 



b. 



amn- 

 io tin 

 halcv 

 Tln 



Ere 



•epslu 



.full t 



ill- the blackfish and llounders. 

 1 is the first Of the salt-wai- r game fish 

 er haunts on the mussel beds and sunken 

 irnacles. upon which it delights to feed. 

 Where they go in the winter months is a much discussed 

 question among angling naturalists, some of whom assert 

 that "the heads" emigrate to deep wateroutside, while others 

 insist thai these lish go South in the winter and come North 

 again in the early summer. This theory, however, is « eak- 

 ened by the naive query of an old practical angler: 



"Did you ever catch a 'head' in Florida that weighed 

 lten or twelve, pounds? You didn't, eh! Well, 

 you mean to say that the big fellows, fifteen 

 thai we eaten in the North go down south every 

 1 grow small before ihey come back again?" 



more I 

 then, d 

 pounder 

 winter a 



The 



aklish keenly feels the nip of the 



mils 



in the 



y frost, and 

 iv arm waters 

 is incidentally 

 :, as fish have 

 lies, ihey are 

 perature than 

 the weakfish. 



leaves, presumably for the Gulf St 

 of which he passes the winter i 

 recalling the theory of an angling writer Hi 

 their lungs placed on the outside of their I 

 perforce more sensitive of chauges of te 

 other animals. The sea bass quickly follo\ 

 and are followed in turn by the kingfish and the bluelish, 

 and lo-davall that is left for the angler in the adjacent salt 

 waters are the striped bass, lafaycllcs or goodies, fall 

 flounders, tomcods, bergallsorcunners, and a few straggling 

 snappers oryowng bluelish. Of freshwater fishes tin- black 

 bass are still taking the lure in deep water, and the pike and 

 pickerel seize with avidity the skittering and trolling bait. 

 But it is the intention in 'this article to deal with the salt- 

 water fishes only, and of these the striped bass in the North 

 and the rocklish in the South claim precedence by right of 

 size and garni ness. 



From the fact that female bass filled with Spawn are 

 caught with nets in the deep holes in the Upper Hudson 

 during the winter, many anglers incline to the belief that 

 Striped bass spawn in fresh water, but their habits in this 

 respect are not yet accurately defined, at least so far as re- 

 lates to the striped bass of running waters, for we find the 

 latter very plentiful in their spring runs above tidewater, 

 especially in the rivers of Pennsylvania, where they breast 

 the strong rapids to reach the spring waters of the tumbling 

 tributaries of the Delaware and Susquehanna, and where 

 they take a gaudy, artificial fly and afford sport hardly in- 

 ferior to that of salmon fishing. Striped bass of twenty, 

 pounds or more have been caught in nets nearly a hundred 

 miles above tidewater in the above named streams, when 

 feet deep at the foot of the 

 i his "Fishing in American 

 is in both fresh and brackish 

 Be that as it may, anglers 

 of big bass begins usually in 

 itinues far into the 

 and length of the 



resting in pools hardly thr 



rapids. Gfenio I Scott, 



Waters,' says this fish sp: 



waters, but never in the si 



well know that the great ] 



the latter part of September 



month of December, the number 



migrations being dependent upon the early or late advent 



of frost. In this fall's rush of fish there is hardly a tideway 



of our local waters which has not its biting denizens. 



We note only the accessible grounds for a day's fishing, 

 for the enjoyment of which the fisherman needs only an 

 early break' fast., b«ng aide to reach home again in the early 

 twilight hours. First comes Long Island Sound, which is 

 truly an angler's paradise. Narrowing from Fort Schuyler, 

 it divides into three contracted but deep channels, flowing 

 around Biker's and North and South Brother islands, and 

 then spreading out once, more until it merges into the East 

 River with its" Hell Gate, Little Hell Gate andBrown'sIiills, 

 each literally strewed With rocks and ledges. At the mouth 

 of the Little Gate lies the Sunken Meadow, and around this 

 and through the enannelways are the best trolling grounds. 

 For still fishing from boats, the following localities are con- 

 sidered excellent grounds: 



Jamaica Bay — The Block House wreck, Canarsie, the' 

 Nevorsink wreck, Canarsie, Mud Channel, Boekawny, the 

 railroad bridge. 



Newark Bay — At the Lighthouse, the Central Bailroad 

 bridge. 



Comnumipaw Bay — Old Tom and the Three Brothers, the 

 Sunken Marshes. 



New York Hay — South side of Governor's Island, the 

 Kill von Kull, Fresh Kill Creek, the. Great Salt Kills, John 

 Tobin's Point, Coney Island, the Iron Pier, the Broken 

 Point. 



North River -The Split Rock, opposite 123d street, off 

 ih. Blysian Fields, I'ierslandU. 



East liivn- Tie. ;;and5. 



Harlem River— Kingsbridge, High Bridge, and McCornb's 

 Dam. 



The blackfish oT New York, or the tautog of the New 

 England Stales, grows to the weight of eighteen pounds, 

 bill those caught in the adjacent bays run from half a 

 pound to six pounds. These fish spawn early in June, 

 and are now in full feed, biting very freely at fid- 

 dlers and Chun bait. They are not considered by anglers 

 of a scientific turn gome fish, This opinion, We think, 

 is not sound. Let the angler strike any fish, from the 



