an. 4, 1883. J 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



481 



mountain streams. Buss are not suited for small ponds, as 

 they will feed on their own voting, and far preferable in large 

 i lakes. They are about as voracious as swine, and 

 as little discriminating in their reeding. I have occasionally 

 taken them with the By and othfll? arHficiaJ bait; bur rl„. bass 

 prefer live bait. OS small toads, crayfish, helgramite, minnow. 



etc., and a sm ill bn-- ju-a ■ s g I as minnow. I have seen in 



b bail buekol young baas, taken by ue.t. of scarce s auger's 

 length, choi id aud d iad fr im the effort to swallow another 



,:i 11 f 



of r 



r hi 



■--inning at, the cuts the 

 and more thoroughly. 

 I caught in the nppor 

 n-fed them in the tank of 

 \ bake— now Lake, Bob 

 . The carp appears to 

 iei'e the water becomes 

 seek protection from the 

 bottom— in other words 



tenacious of life than bass, or , 

 from an expert conk in West ^ 

 were as readily skinned and st 



of the head and do* n 



stripping: that they cooked 

 Some eighteen or tm i yeai 

 Potomac two lots of ba*3j m-l 

 it tender in a si run;: bag net I, 

 and— and 1 heard they had pr 

 be exactly suited to our ice 00 

 very warm in summer, and in 

 cold, by burrowing in the mud 

 hibernate during whiter. 



If those who have ice pond,, were aware, nf the little labor 

 and even less expense, and also the pleasure and profit de- 

 rived from the carp culture, I believe few would be without 

 them, as the healthy luxury of a mess of line fresh flsh could 

 be had nearly at all times and in all seasons. I am now too 

 old to east the fly and tramp the mountain streams, but the 

 sport and profit in rhe, rarp culture are brought, as it were, to 

 my own door, Emv, fcjTAlit.ER. 



SPAWNING OF TROUT IN COLORADO. 



Editor J-'urryt and Stream: 



Mr, J. B. Campbell, of Haird, California, iu Forest and 

 Sthuam of Dee. 21, questions mv statements as to the hatch- 

 ing and growth of New England brook trout at the Colorado 

 State Hatchery near this city. He says he "never heard such 



wild statements hi for, 

 Of the 



add that « 



Coi 

 most es 

 Stales: 

 themse 

 Ikno 

 that w! 

 there w 

 Mr. Bo 

 under s 

 ones m 

 Mr. Bob 



vy. B. 



othe 



repn 



State Fish 

 i cue of the 

 the United 

 bv thofisl* 



the si lawn came about the last of Dee, , 'b 1 . 1 know 

 ■11 I saw the fish on or about the 9th of Nov., 1888, 

 •e plenty of them from eight to nine inches long, and 

 trt pointed out to me upon a bed of clean crawl 

 lie overhanging willows, where lie s:-,i.,,i .he l,i, ; ,-r 

 ■■ making spawning beds. Mr. Sisty to-dey confirms 

 statement upon this point. 



nishes me the following letters, with permission to copy. 



Plymouth. Mass.. Oet. 3d, IttfH. 



,ib-. w. if. mxtm 



thought I ,\,i,.H write tor.sk ^ . . 1 1 if yen ishnll wan! niiv ihis seaso 



tSiguedj W. L. fin 



'./-•- ir. i-:. Sisty: 



I will furnish' you i 

 latest taking. I this 

 perhaps into Felffu 



forces tlietn skingvi 



they would he iliree 



ron batch the eggs 



in tin hoX.cs in ice or 



They ,1c, n - 



will not hatch ttnti 



stei 



i, Mass., Nov. lti, ISSg. 



rl thoi 



and trout eggs of my 



as me last of January, ami 

 being quite warm iBi deer.) 

 water a.s cold as soy 4S cleg. 



iugaud absorbing t lie sock. 



shows and then pack them 



a back foi 



mill 



uTah. 



ythi; 



r I hi! 



: be 



awe 



The above may also read a 

 but I think it contains items i 

 many of your readers and I It 

 tracts, 



Mr. Sisty has already reeeh 

 Of t.hi i year's crop and 'they ai 

 Will produce fish that in Sep 

 take The fly. as last January' 

 this yen r. I have heard rerje 

 various s.t reams of the Stat 

 brook trout until last May. 



Denver, Colo., Oct. 29, 1KN2. 



Editor Forest rani stream : 



In Fokest and Stick ua m 1 1. 

 B. Campbell, in which he do 

 eggs could be received iu Color 

 As I had the pleasure of furr 

 able to give the facts of the oi 

 00(1 eggs to Colorado Dec. 21 : t 

 and the third lot of IOiI.uihi Jj 

 from :N T ov. 15 until Dec. 1 preyi 

 six days old when shipped, 

 plainl; 



•ep them back so that the} 

 ill my c,e>js to Europi 

 vith ice. One degree 

 lelr hatching, anil th 



little "wild" to Mr. Campbell. 

 ,f information that will interest 

 ive therefore made liberal ex- 



ed and laid down 100,1,111(1 eggs 

 •c not "dried ones" either. They 

 tember and October next will 

 s hatch did in the autumn of 

 ■atetlly of their being taken in 

 hat never contained an Eastern 

 Wit N. Brums. 



J it-: 



ubel 



ains the eggs 1 think I am 

 :. I sent the first lot of 100 . 

 i second lot of 100,001) nee. ".s, 

 17. The eggs were taken 

 is. making them about tuirirr- 

 jd the eye-speeks showing 



The'te 

 is 54 deg 

 dayg gfi 



Mr. Si 



tperature of the water at the hatchery at Colorado 

 es Fahrenheit, which caused them to hatch in a few 



lis- 1 tie eggs were received in good 

 ™-i .,...1 that ove fill ir ir t. hatched. 



Mi, Campbell also says >"ev, England trout do not spawn 

 until December. Last year my trout began to spawn Oct. 19, 

 and this year Oct. 2 1. They are nearly through spawning 

 Dec. 1. ' w. L. Gilbert. 



Plymouth. Ufass.. Dec, 3u, IMSS. 



PISHCITLTLTRE IN SCOTLAND.-Howictoun Fishery, 

 Stirhng, Dec 1. — Referring to your article. page '.'IT, "Fien- 

 " a pleasure to inform 



that we produe 







i own -ruck- ponds twenty million 



trout ova per a 







\ ■:■ have carefully studied the official 



American and 1 







K torts, rod fail to find any fishery 



in the ,-,,,,,, - 







., i grilles is easily explained as 



the ova of Loci 







mt m which we principally deal is 



between three i 



1;,1 1 





tunes as large as the ,S. fonfinatis, 



and secondly, 







we have invented a construction of 



a-ille which cat 







fori fraction of the expense of the 



old French gri) 





I.!.- 



by its use w- can rear ninety-five 



pcreeai 





Is,/ 



down into yearling trout. We have 









T| '""i liiL'-nii'.uoua.l Hsheries. Bxhihi- 



tioo in London 



iexr 



yea 



rour method will be greatly used in 

 GUY, Secretary. fWe would be. 



the States.— jAtitES 



K. 



pleased to have 



a, description of the grille.] 



THE cold SPRING SATCHERT.— We arei 



that the New York Fish Commission I. a- T- 

 work in earnest at Cold Spring, Long Island. 

 near the, end of last winter a few troughs were pi 



fitting up the old mill and putting up mi n p mgl 

 of tic.- McDonald hatching jars, and the iudicatk 

 the hatchery will be in running order bv rhe midt 

 arv. Prof. Baird has taken an interest in this 

 will aid it in many ways. A competent man has b 

 to take charge of it, and we hope that this statioi 



i v.alublc addition to the fisheries of the State. The adyan- 

 ages of this place are many, and its proximity to salt water 

 vill make th - st, • ion a desirable one if experiments with sea 

 ishes are undertaken. This winter there, will probably be 

 ultchod sea salmon, land-locked salmon, brook trout and 

 vhiterish. 



CARP CULTURE IN GERMANY. 



following account of stocking of the Bay of Stettin 

 carp, translated from the. Mdgdeliurgisclie Zuit iulq, of 

 1681, for the Bulletin of the United States Fish Com- 

 eiinic.iri- so much of interest that wo publish it in 



' gigainieehterpri.se winch will greatly increase our 

 :,f national wealth, if successful, is at present agitated 

 cell known pisciculturist. M. von rliinr Borne. Of Bur- 

 fall the waters belonging to the 



ithe. highest esteemed German 



lave been destroyed— film 

 ourpoiitiliition. 



tin 



mouths 



of 11 



c 0,1a 



I 



and the 



Dai 



imscliL 



S 



food fisl 



i, th 



> carji. 



' 



far to the ea 



stand 



WF 



parti all 



- kn 



jwu I, 



tl 



it enil,. 



aces 



an nr 





GCrmai 



squ 



iro mil 



es 



hectare 



oi v 



ater is 





Would I 



equi 



■e the < 



nc 



which, 



place 



cl ill 11 





question was for Mr. 

 its practicability, M 



presence of a special!' 

 the authorities most 

 plan before them on 

 near his estate of Be 

 move all doubt fro 

 feasibility of M 

 producth 



3 of large sheets of fit 

 iders if we lay h 



i will pre 



this plan. 





The main question is whether it 



< possible to produce about 



twenty-two millions of STO ing 





place them in the Stettffler 1 



ail' \s pisciculture ha* 



reached a high degree of. dt 



velopment in our coun- 



trv, one might think that the c 



asiest way ol solving the 



problem would be to obtain the ne 



JCSsary carp from our pisci- 



cultural establishments, commiss 



loning them to furnish as 



many young cup as possible, pa 



ving perhaps three marks 



(.1 centsi pier put. In tills way th 



j required number of fish 



could be procured iu a comparath 



elv snort time. Bui, at this 



rate the cost of stocking the Stett 



ner Half with catTJ would 



be between 600.000 and 700,000 l 



narks, not counting the ex- 



pense of transporting the flsh, 



Although this large sum 



might pay some interest at a fl 



ture time, the expense of 



starting the enterprise would bete 



o great, and the parties to 



profit By this arrangement could be the piseieultural estab- 



lishments and not the people. 



Another way of solving the problem would be, to adopt the 

 method followed for a number of years bv the eminent pisci- 

 culturist, Mr. Eckardt of Lilbbiiichcn, by which carp eggs 

 can be sent a great distance, and by 'which the German 

 Fishery Association has succeeded in stocking with carp some 

 of our largest German rivers within a comparatively small 

 number of years. The objection might, however, be raised 

 that it would be advisable to place the voting fry of the carp 

 immediately after leaving the eggs, in the large"basin of the 

 mouths of the Oder, where strong winds often prevail and 

 produce considerable, waves. Mr. von dem Rome's plan 



isted in the 



therefore, 



fishe 



the local authorise 



ising 



should procure the required 22,000,000 of carp, not bv buy 

 them, but in the simplest manner in the world, 

 them. 



In order to folly understand this plan, we have to give a 

 brief review of artificial carp culture, as it has been developed 

 among us in a most rational manner. Not only during the 

 last few years, but for centuries, the nutritious, •delicate, 

 golden-yellow carp has been the favorite of our nation. The 



irp.the 



hash 



he to, 



inhabitant of 



cat 



, beei 



nbe 



of ■ 



ihyponds, 

 is muchof a domestic 

 the Middle Age, 

 S I*nteu season ; and f 

 ;on of the year, tho f 

 population, and has, in the 

 characteristic national disl 



and i 



" bee, 



flesh of the carp contains (in p 

 itiitious smbstance as the fmest piece ol 

 suited for making a savory dish; it is, 



over, entirely free from the disagreeable fishy taste foi 



many other rish. Owing to the very limited development of 

 its brain, the carp possesses but little ambition, and is content 

 to grovel in the mud of our ponds, generally living on smal 

 aquatio plants, and only occasionally allowing itself the 

 luxury of a larva or an insect. Its excellent appetite is fol- 

 lowed by favorable results sooner than is the. case with any 

 other artificially raised fish, and its well rounded body 

 assumes such proportions as to make the pike— that trios 

 raeious (ish-of-prey— absolutely harmless, for the simple 



son that no pike can be found large enough to swallow; 



in the famous carp pond of 

 tea the age of a hundred 



Chai 



oil more pears, 



It is well known that all rish have a large number of eggs. 

 As the "first incarnation" of the vertebrate type, the last and 

 hi In -i grade of which is man, their body has such very 

 simple fundamental forms as to enable nature to produce its 

 germs in every female fish in the hundreds of thousands of 

 copies. Even in this respect the carp occupies, on account of 

 the large number of its eggs, a, very protmuent place among 

 fish. It nevertheless indulges in the pleasure of spawning 



anlj 



The teiiipcraf 

 Then its "spa- 

 female fish m 



ce a year, in sprii 



of the por 



planes. 



leave ih 



not he. *; 



sturbed in the least, 

 ' - aha 



i May sun raises 

 ifortable condition, 

 and the male and 

 5 the early hours of 

 r at a lively rate, 

 reeds and aquatic 

 sands of young fish 

 : ully the carp must 



irately neoei i 



lid be allowed in the pond; for otherwise the 

 carp will not spawn. All these peculiarities are of course 

 well known to the. pisciculturist, and lie manages his ponds 

 by showing due regard to them. If he wishes to obtain 

 young fry from his carp, he is careful to keep pike out of his 

 ponds; it, on the other hand, he wants to raise large carp, he 

 prevents them from spawning oy placing a few pike in tho 

 pond. Much to the disgust of the carp, the pike plays the part 

 assigned him with the mdefatigableness and energy -of a ponce- 

 man, keeping tho carp constantly iu motion and chasing them 



through every part of the pond.' The 



id of . 



pike, pro,-, o.Iiiij 

 vour any fish WE 



•p. with hardly 

 uost minima. 



■e smaller in 



trength of 1 

 aice of this 

 id ponds, y 

 he carp. A 



ichf" (Pi 



esult is a very fine, 

 all fish, because the 

 oner, will simply do- 



small size of its fry, it is absolutely impossible to keep it out 

 of carp ponds which are fed by a brook or other running 



water, and, mainlv ovvin-r to this reason, the raising of a 



large number of young carp, even in carefully managed 



ponds, is connected with innumerable dillieuh ies, of which 

 Mr. von dem Borne treats fully in his book. After 

 the cause, of the evil has been recognized it is eoniparl- 

 tively easy to remove it, viz,: to select ouly such ponds 

 as spawning ponds which have absolutely no connec- 

 tion with other waters. Such ponds art suppMed with 

 the necessary water either from sailings or bv rain 

 or snow. Nearly every firmer en "have such a 

 pond, Any alder-marsh or peat-hog with .-ceo, o,i i , i 

 transformed into a carp pond Viy iiiakiirj a, . -ingle - 1 1 1 - - - I 



pipe for drawing off the water, which can then be kept at 

 the required depth of one meter, arid be left oil whenever 

 neeessary. By constructing this dike from the nurd of the 

 pond itself a deep place is formed, the so-callleci "lish-pit," 

 m which, whenever the water is left off. all tho fish gather, 

 so that they can easily l »> .aught. 



But to return to the plan proposed by Mr. con d«n Born," 

 This plan simpiv consists in constructing such p inds near the 



entirely free from pike. ■- rninibei ■' millioi 



lid be 



Half. It, for 



tulti 



Siettmel 



tatiou, a 

 had 



to Berneuchen, among w 

 Councilor von Hunan, superintendent of fishe 

 ner Half, and Forester P.a.ron von Dicker, l,o 

 Governor von llevden. Forester von U'aldoc 

 Of Fisheries von Barnekor, all three from the 



furt-on-tho-Oder. The neignborhc 



represented by Councilor JaCCbs, I 



Kalkrentn-llc 



■ed to the 

 are to tie 

 ve to pro- 



orne's friendly 

 ?sted in pisCl- 



s of the Stetti- 



ilde 



of 



the lauded proprietors 

 Klif/.ing-Charlotteiihof. at 

 hospitably, Mr. von dem Boi , 

 in the old and spacious manor house of Berneuchen, and made 

 them feel at home during their stay, which extended over a 

 period of several davs. Every clay a district of about a hec- 

 tare or 8 acres was gone over with the Ashing apparatus, th=- 

 water having been let off a few weeks beforehand, so that; 

 the fish had all returned to the deepest place in the pond, The 

 so-called "fish pit" referred to above. In this place the 

 water -was Only knee-deep. About !' A. M. we reach© ' 

 ponds, after having traveled for some time through dens,, 

 forests. The dark, muddy water revealed absolutely nothing 

 of its contents, although its •■ in, ■■: - ,ee indicated thai 

 the muddy pool, scarcely measuring '■'■» paces in diameter, con- 

 tained numerous small and a number of large fish, which man- 

 ifested their presence bv a greater or less "commotion In the 

 Water. The fishermen soon commenced i heir work, and dur- 

 ing the first forenoon went o 

 At the first haul the net , 

 crowded mass of fish, wh 

 lent struggle for liberty, was 

 the foreman of the fishenne 

 purse-nets, and deposited the 

 ring every time hundreds tin 



spike: 



• of the pike. 



so-called "Maxa Pond.'' 



arely hold the densely 

 spite of the most vio- 

 brought to land. Here 



■■I oin the harvest with 

 large basket--, transfer- 



in- 1 ,i small, golden-yel- 

 low younc' carp, wiiicfi measure, 1,-ir ,■:,.,.. -- t .; ce'nti- 



delicate leather carp. ' Basket after basket did the ,',,'-i '■'.- , , , 

 up the steep bank, and, separating : o.e ! , _-.-■ ,i,,n. ih-- smal 

 fish, put them in enormous tuf.s leilf iilleii'cvii , iV-.-.h v.-.n.-r 

 where the little fish remaiticl quiet, catliered in dense crowd--. 

 while the large ones, as if by common consent, engaged in 

 a sort of swimming race, swimming iimtrial.lv to the. leu. 

 round the tub. after hawing expressed their hist astonish- 

 ment by standing on their heads ,-i ud beating the water with 

 their tails. The next part of the programme was to count, 

 the fish, by repeatedly filling a certain standard measure 

 and thereby calculating the entire quantity. A number of 

 wagons were on hand, each supplied with several Ush-keg.-, 

 half rilled with water, and the measuring and loading Out the 

 wagons soon commenced, the pond meanwhile having been 

 en. pried after seven or eight, hauls. All this time the Wic-i- 

 was being let off. 



Although every one. of our party was well supplied with 

 rubber boots and warm clothing, the fine rain and raw air 

 soon seemed to p&netrtae even the thickest covering. It was. 

 therefor,-, with no common pleasure that we were called on 

 to witness the preparations for an original and savory men I . 

 which tl :.-- ."o.'csterof Mr. von dem Bonn- e ,ked wi: It .••■• 

 sinnnnue skill, closely following the method enrploved 'o 



the North American trappers and sportsmen tluriti' ir 



Camp-life in the vast forests of the " ■-.-.-■ i H i lilpaerB, 

 Four plump carp wore cleaned, w-i.-lc o. , i -trewed wirli 

 salt and pepper, both on the insids and tie , n i,i, ,,„i theiw- 

 upou wrapped — each one separately— in a white sheet of 

 paper well buttered. Bound this "a sheet of ncv. -;,,,, 

 was wrapped the. package was for a. ,.-w moments 

 dipped in cold water, and linally placed on a bed of hot 

 coals of an open fire. Above, the four carp came a layer of 

 raw potatoes, which were thus baked in the ashes. The din 

 lng-roon. was just as primitive as the preparation lor the meal 

 and consisted of an open frame shanty of the simplest con- 

 struction. In about half an hour the "pepper carps" were 

 ready for the table. Full of their own juice, thev formed ,i 

 most tempting and delicious dish, and being handed round 

 together with potatoes, on large napkins, satasned even tie-' 

 most epicurean taste, and were washed down by an excellent 

 bowl of punch fainid great merriment). After the meal we 

 igain turned our attention to the fish, which had meanwhile 

 all been placed on the wagons. The result of this forenoon'-. 

 work was iio.oiio small and •>•-'> huge i-.-.i -... i his whole enormous 

 number having been produced from o?« large carp, which Mr. 

 yon dem Borne had pined in this small pond-not quite as. 

 large as the Lustgarten in Berlin— in the I m n -i tprilnf 

 the. present, year-only s.x to seven months ago. Whilcji, , 

 large carp had been reduced to .".-> by tislr or [irey, thieves 

 and other causes, but had increase, I m weigh 1 the total num- 

 ber of 00, (KM beautiful you, _, ,-.- , , n; , ,,, . . ,', ,, . . ,,. 

 There was. of course, not a single pike in the p., ii, I, and , , 

 ing whatever was brought up in tlienc-ts » iiii rhe lis), l,,,t a 

 number of trogs. watei 1 .,-,-, i, i-.--.i-, ,,-kl backs. These three 

 last mentioned are notorious enemies ol the roe of the carp, 

 and we were destined to learn on the following day how dan 

 Serous they may become to I be roc. 



Wonderfully rich as was the result from the Maxa pond, ft 

 was hardlythe original intention that it should be -,,, tor all 

 these 90,00u young carp had come Into lif u contrary to rosula' 

 tains, ami owed their exist oi-'' to • mt - a ■, idt i t, lt,™|,-,| 

 by no means been the intention 1)^,1 1 1,, ,;,i i,, ,, , ,■■,, s] im Ji,| 

 spawn in this pond, but they „,.,,. M |lV , ;i ,,,,,,.. I||; ^^ 



large food-carp. Kor the simple rea r. that rliey e.-,-re not 



yet Supposed t, i be roach mr -pawnui_. ,i-.j pike (lad been 

 Iilaoed in the pond with theiit. and about a dozen of the 

 ifttp which were fully prepared for spaweng lnei 

 oade good use of this circmi- •.. , ,; ,,,i hadT deal*: 



heir uti I to stock the pou'l with young fish it ehopntiu' 



had been intended for ;i -im ■ -■ ■':■ spawiicrs 



and six milters would h,.- - - -.■ ,i , .., d ,.l of two 



tree- tares. This number had been : .r.,- i ,,i iin- In'sge "Hacli- 



