S( 0T< B PIN! 



Pinut wylvi stria I.. 



The Pine Familj 



PIN \( : 



Habit ami Habitat : A large tret feet tall, with a trunk 



diameter of L-2 feet, occasionally larger; the trees rather inclined to 

 more or less irregular oked; the lower Lateral branchei ^st, 



forming with the spreading upper branches ■ mai rounded, wide- 



spreading crown, although not so coarse as the Austrian pine. Preti 

 rich, moist loamy soil and a cold climate, but does well under a gn 

 variety of soil and climatic conditions. 



Leaves and Buds: Leaves in fascicles or clusters of two, 1'. 

 inches long, stiff, more or less twisted, spreading slightly from the 

 shallow sheath, flat on one side, rounded on the other, bluish-green or 



often more or less whitish, persisting upon the twigs for .'!- 1 years. 

 Winter-buds oblong-ovoid, sharp-pointed, reddish-brown, resinous, about 

 *4 inch long. 



Flowers and Fruits: Flowers produced in cones which appear in 

 May or June. Staminate cones ovoid, short-stalked, yellowish, about % 

 inch long, composed of many papery scales arranged spirally about the 

 axis. Pistillate cones oblong, reddish, short-stalked; scales fewer, fleshy, 

 about % inch long. Both kinds of cones are produced near the tips of 

 the twigs, the pistillate often at the very end of the current twigs, 

 singly or in groups of 2-3. Fruit a woody cone maturing in the autumn 

 of the second season, and falling about as soon as ripe, pendent, stout- 

 stalked, ovoid-conical, l^-2^> inches long; scales dull, grayish-brown, 

 thickened at the tips into 4-sided, recurved points; seeds reddish-brown, 



* inch wide, with narrow wings about % inch long. 



Bark. Twigs and Wood: The bark on the upper part of the main 

 stem and on the larger lateral branches is reddish to cinnamon-colored 

 or orange-brown, becoming thick, grayish or dark orange-brown on 

 old stems and main trunks, coarsely and deeply fissured into broad ridges 

 which exfoliate in large, irregular, thin scales. The bark in the upper 

 portion of many large trees is also quite papery-scaly, and exfoliates in 

 the form of thin, irregular cinnamon-colored or orange-red scales. The 

 wood is light, soft, close grained, straight-grained, strong, easily worked, 

 reddish-brown, with thick yellow to whitish sapwood; valuable for in- 

 terior trim, and is largely used in Europe, where it is the common 

 timber pine. The celebrated pine of Norway and the Baltic countries 

 is of this species where the best type of the species is called "Riga 

 pine." 



Distribution in the State: Scotch pine does not occur naturally 

 in any part of North America, but is very common and abundant in 

 northern Europe and Asia where it is a very important timber tree. 

 The species has been very widely planted for ornament and for wind- 

 breaks in this country. Its rapid growth and ready adaptation to a 

 wide variety of conditions have made it a popular tree for these pur- 

 poses, but it is rather short-lived and not to be chosen in preference to 

 Austrian pine. 



Remarks: This pine yields considerable supplies of the common 

 European turpentine which is used in the manufacture of various medi- 

 cines. The leaves are made into a crude sort of clothing. 



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