a2 Bulletin of the University of Texas 
2. TOXYLON Raf. Osage Orange. 
Small trees with alternate, simple, entire leaves, milky juice 
and axillary thorns. 
1. Toxylon pomiferum Raf. Osage Orange. <A _ small 
thorny tree which may reach a height of 50°-60° with trunk 
diameter of 2°-8°, but usually smaller. Bark 2/3’-1’ thick 
with broad rounded ridges, somewhat shreddy, brown. The 
spines are about 34’ long, and produce painful wounds. The 
leaves are ovate lanceolate, entire, long pointed, smooth, end 
glossy green above, 3’-5’ long, 2’-3’ wide. The staminate 
flowers are borne in elongated catkins, the pistillate in rounded 
heads. The fruit is yellowish green, resembling an orange, 
outer coat rough, about 4’ in diameter. 
Missouri and Kansas, south to Texas. 
The wood is heavy, hard, strong and durable in contact 
with the soil. It is extensively used for fence posts. The 
tree has been extensively planted in the prairie regions for 
hedge fenees. When well pruned and taken cure of ,it makes 
a thick almost impenetrable barrier for all kinds of animals. 
Now largely superceded by wire fences. Not so well adapted 
for ornamental hedges as many other shrubs. 
3. BROUSSONETIA Ventenat. Paper Mulberry. 
Broussonetia papyrifera Ventenat. A small tree with 
greenish gray bark, milky juice and stout hairy twigs. Leaves 
thin, 3-5 lobed or sometimes with only one lateral lobe, rough 
above, hairy below, borne on long stalks. Flowers diecious, 
the pistillate in dense round heads on one tree, the staminate 
in catkins on another. Fruit a globular aggregate of small 
red drupelets 14’-1’ in diameter. 
Native of Asia, introduced and growing spontaneously in 
this eountry. 
The fibrous inner bark is used in the manufacture of paper. 
4. FICUS (Tournefort) L. The Figs. 
Trees, shrubs or woody climbers with milkv sap; thick, 
leathery mostly alternate lobed leaves; flowers borne in a 
receptacle, usually dioecious. 
