VUl, INTRODUCTION. 



Class II. Endogens. Including such plants as increase bythe deposition 

 of matter internally. Stem cylindrical, destitute of bark ; wood not ar- 

 ranged in concentric layers ; leaves not articulated with the stem ; veins 

 parallel, usually running from the base to the apex of the leaf Examples. 

 Corn, Grasses, Grains, Palmetto, &c. 



The student will seldom find any difficulty in determining to wliich of 

 the classes a plant belongs, although there are a few exceptions to the ubove 

 descriptions. By observing the Table at the beginning of the Analysis, he 

 will observe that the class Exogens is sub-divided into four Sub-Classes, in 

 reference to the flowers. 



Sub-Class 1. Polypctalce — Corolla composed of several distinct pieces. 

 Examples: Rose, Poppy, Violet, Apples, &c. 



Sub-Class 2. Monopetahe — Corolla consisting of one piece. Examples : 

 Sage, Honeysuckle, Trumpet-flower, &c. 



Sub-Class 3. ApetalcB. — Plants having a calyx, but no corolla. Exam- 

 ples: Maple, Sassafras, Nettle, &c. 



Sub-Class 4. AchlamydecB. — Flowers destitute of caiyx or corolla, — 

 Examples: Willow, Birch, Poplar, &c. 



The Second Class, Endogens, is divided into two Sub-Classes. 



Sub-Class 1. Petaloidece: — Including such plants plants of this class as 

 have regular petals ; as the Lily, Orchis, Iris, Palmetto, &c. 



Sub-Class 2. GlumacecB — Flowers having glumes, instead of petals, which 

 are arranged alternately, instead of in whorls, as in the Grasses, Grains, &c. 



If the student should commence the study in early Spring, one of the 

 plants with which he will be most likely to meet, is the Anemone, which 

 he will readily distinguish by its delicate white flowers and compound 

 leaves, and from its root bearing numerous small tubers. By an examina- 

 tion of the leaves, he finds that it belongs to the First Class, or Exogens, 

 and from its several distinct petals, he determines that it belongs to the first 

 Sub-Class, Polypctalaj; and by the numeral placed after this word, he 

 will observe that the polypctalous orders commence on the first page of the 

 Analysis. Under PolypetaltE, near the bottom of the page, he finds, 

 '•' Section 1st. ThalamifiorcB, meaning that the orders included in tliis sec- 

 tion have the stamens hypogynous, or beneath the ovarj' or seed vessel. — 

 The orders of this section are sub-divided into several groups, marked by 

 italics, a. "Flowers perfect ; stamens numerous; herbaceous plants."' Our 

 plant agrees with this description. First Order, Ranunculacece. In which 

 he finds '• Sepals 3 to 6, usually 5." This plant has no calyx. He there- 

 fore proceeds to the next order, and he finds " Calyx 2-leaA'ed;" and so on 

 through the several orders of this group, and all the plants have a calyx, 

 but his has none. 



Here, at the first setting out, he meets with a difficulty which may dis- 

 courage his efforts, and induce him to lay aside his book ; but with a little 

 reflection and patience, he may, perhaps, sunnonnt the difficulty. Per- 

 haps the calyx is caducous, and has fallen off; he finds one not yet ex- 

 panded, but no calyx is present. Either he has made some mistake j^ 



