4 POLYGALACEAE— CARYOPHYLLACEAE 



Matthiola — Stock. Gill i flower 



(Named for the Italian botanist, Matthioli) 



1. Stem herbaceous; annual M. annua 



2. Stem woody at base ; perennial M . incdna 



Sisymbrium — Hedge Mustard 



(Gr. name of seme mustard) 



1. Pn<l 1-2 cm. long; flowers yellow S. officinale 



2. Pod 6-10 cm. long; flowers cream-colored S. altissimum 



Nasturtium — Cress, Horseradish 



( I. at. nasturtium, cress, from nasus tortus, due to its pungency) 



1. Cultivated; (lowers white 



a. Aquatic ; leaves pinnate N. officinale: water cress 



b. Terrestrial; leaves large, simple, crenate N. armor acta: horse- 



radish 



2. Native; flowers yellow 



a. Stems spreading, 1-2 dm. high .V. sinudtum 



b. Stems erect, 3-8 dm. high „\*. palustre 



Polygalaceae — Milkwort Family 



Herbs with entire leaves; sepals 5, 2 larger, petals 3, somewhat united, stamens 8, ovary 2-celled, 

 fruit a capsule ; flower syncarpous, slightly sympetalous, hypogynous, somewhat zygomorphic. 



Polygala — Milkwort 



(Gr. polys, much, gala, milk, from its supposed virtue in increasing the flow of milk) 

 Leaves linear, whorled ; flowers whitish P. verticilldta 



Resedaceae — Mignonette Family 

 Low herbs, with simple entire or lobed leaves; sepals 4-7, petals 4-7, irregular, stamens 10-40, 

 ovary 1-ce'led, of 3-6-carpels, fruit a capsule; flower syncarpous, apopetalous, hypogynous, zygomorphic. 



Reseda — Mignonette 



(Lat. reseda, a medicinal plant, from resedare, to allay) 

 Leaves oblong, entire or 3-lobed ; flowers greenish, fragrant R. odordta 



Violaceae — Violet Family 

 Low herbs, with simple entire to deeply cut leaves; sepals S, petals 5, 1 spurred, stamens 5, 

 ovary 1-celled, carpels 3, fruit a capsule; flower syncarpous, apopetalous, hypogynous, zygomorphic. 



Viola — Violet, Pansy, Heart's-ease 



(Lat. viola, violet) 



1. Flowering stems leafy; stipules large 



a. Spur short, blunt 



(1) Flowers large, 3-5 cm. wide V. tricolor: pansy 



(2) Flowers small, 1-2 cm. wide V. arvensis: field p. 



b. Spur long, acute F. cornuta 



2. Flowering stems leafless; stipules lacking 



a. Lobes of the leaf broad, especially the middle one V. palmdta 



b. Lobes narrow, linear V. peddta 



Caryophyllales Pink Order 



Caryophyllaceae — Pink Family 



Herbs with opposite entire leaves; sepals 4-5, petals 4-5, rarely none, stamens 4-10, ovary 1-celled, 

 rarely 2-5-celled, styles 2-5, fruit a Capsule ; flower Syncarpous, apopetalous, hypogynous, regular. 

 1. Sepals united 

 a. Styles 2 



(1) Calyx with scales at base Dianthus 



(2) Calyx without basal scales 



(a) Calyx pyramidal, the angles winged in fruit Vaccaria 



