WEEDS OF MONTANA. 41 



57. GERANIUM CAROLINIANUM, L. Crane's-bill. 



The typical form occasional in waste places; the form G. Bick- 

 nellu, Britt. not infrequent in waste places in many parts of the 

 state. 



58. *GERANIUM PUSILLUM, L. 



Well established as a weed in fields and waste places about 

 St. Ignatius, Flathead Reservation, and at Plains. 



59. GLYCYRRHIZA LEPIDOTA, Pursh. Wild Liquorice; 



CUCKLEBUR. 



A native perennial in low ground with pea-like leaves and 

 bearing clusters of burs verv like those of the true cucklebur 

 (Xanthium). Its long, creeping, underground stem makes it 

 difficult to eradicate from new land, and it is frequently abundant 

 and troublesome in meadows and pastures. Persistent cultiva- 

 tion or digging seems to be the only remedy other than close 

 pasturage. 



60. GRINDELIA SQUARROSA, Dunal. Rosin-weed; W t ild Arnica. 



A biennial doubtfully native in this region. About 18 inches 

 high with a stiff stem and many heads of yellow-rayed flowers 

 covered with a gummy secretion. Common in the plains and val- 

 leys east of the mountains and spreading westward. More fre- 

 quent along roadsides and waste places and troublesome in mead- 

 ows, and pastures, where it is difficult to eradicate after having 

 once obtained a foothold. Stock rarely will eat it in any situation. 

 Just being introduced in the Flathead and Bitter Root valleys 

 bv roadsides and should be exterminated before it becomes 

 established. Old settlers say the plant has come into much of 

 this region since the advent of civilization and there seems now 

 to be a stead}' advance westward, although its distribution is 

 effected mainly by the conveyance of its seeds in the mud on the 

 feet of animals and the wheels of vehicles and in hay. 



6i. HELIANTHUS ANNUUS, L. Sunflower. 



An annual weed, three or four feet high, with large notched 

 leaves and large yellow-rayed heads three inches in diameter, com- 

 mon everywhere east of the Divide and one of the worst weeds in 



