WEEDS OF MONTANA 



43 



awns when ripe pierce the lips and tongue of stock and cause ex- 

 tensive ulceration. A common weed in pastures and waste places 

 seemingly introduced from the east; doubtfully native. It makes 

 little headway against the native vegetation, but tends to become 

 established in low ground wherever that vegetation has been dis- 

 turbed or kept down by close pasturage. Said to make fair hay, 

 if cut before heading out or after the head breaks away in August. 

 It may be killed out in most situations by plowing it under in 

 June or by seeding the fields in grain for a few seasons. It is also 

 doubtful if it can make much headway against a good stand of 

 clover, timothy or alfalfa. [Fig. 10.] 



65. *HYOSCYAMUS NIGER, L. 



Black Henbane. 

 A coarse European annual or 

 biennial established in w T aist 

 places at Billings (E. V. Wilcox), 

 Big Timber, and rarely about 

 Bozeman. Poisonous. 



66. *HYSSOPUS OFFICINA- 

 LIS, L. Hyssop. 



A sage-like perennial with nar- 

 row leaves and clustered blue 

 flowers, occasionally escaped 

 from gardens. Roadsides in Flat- 

 head valley, rare. 



67. IVA AXILLARIS, Pursh. 

 Bazzle-weed; Poverty-weed. 



A native perennial a foot or 

 two high growing in clumps or 

 forming extensive patches in low 

 ground, particularly in alkaline 



soil. Its 



creeping under 



ground stems make it most dif- 

 ficult to eradicate. Probably best 

 Fig. 11. Iva xanthiifolia. Xutt. Plant combatted by seeding down in 

 1-12 natural size; leaf and fruit V 2 . meadow. 



