SURFACE GEOLOGY. G 5 . 31 



When they are burned regularly in a kiln considerable 

 care must be exercised in selecting the purer bowlders ; for 

 many of them possess only just enough lime to flux the 

 silicious material in the stone, and choke up the kiln with 

 a slag, which on cooling becomes a solid mass with which 

 nothing can be done. 



The Flora of the Region. 



A great variety of trees and herbaceous vegetation grows 

 in the district. The principal forest trees however are coni- 

 fers, and so abundant is the Hemlock Spruce (Abies Cana- 

 densis) that it has given rise to a very important industry 

 in both counties, viz : the manufacture of leather. Wayne 

 and Susquehanna counties have long been noted for the 

 value and extent of their leather production. There are 

 about twenty extensive tanneries in Wayne and about half 

 as many in Susquehanna, the annual product of which 

 amounts to several millions of dollars. These once exten- 

 sive forests of Hemlock are now however fast disappearing 

 under the constant destruction for bark, so that within the 

 past year two or three extensive tanneries in Wayne have 

 been compelled to suspend operations on this account. 



At my request, Prof. Jno. M. Dolph, an accomplished 

 botanist of Honesdale, prepared a list of the plants which 

 he has observed in Wayne county during the last two years. 

 The list is of course imperfect since many portions of the 

 county have not been visited, yet as it includes the plants 

 of general distribution, it may be taken as a very fair repre- 

 sentation of the Flora of the district. The following list 

 and accompanying letter give the results of Prof. Dolph' s 

 work on this subject : 



Honesdale, Pa., February %h 1881 - 

 Prof. I. C. White : 



Dear Sir : In accordance with your request I send you 

 herewith, a list of the plants of Wayne county, Pa., which I 

 have personally examined and identified. 



That it is far from being a complete Flora, I have no doubt, 

 as I have not visited all sections of the county and have, as 



