78 G'\ REPORT OF PROGRESS. I. C. WHITE. 



rises westward, and may possibly, as he supposes, pass into 

 and perhaps through the Catskill, into the Pocono forma- 

 tions ; although I do not consider it by any means demon- 

 strated. 



Is the Cascade sandstone (Fair s Creek Conglomerate) the 

 Panama conglomerate of Chautauqua county in western 

 New York, as claimed by Mr. Sherwood, (See Report G,) 

 and therefore, also, the Third Sand of the Venango oil 

 region f (See my Report on^Erie and Crawford counties, 

 Q 4, 1881.) 



The flattish shape of its pebbles is one argument in favor 

 of this identification. A community of fossil forms is 

 another. Its similar topographical features is a third. Its 

 general relative situation in the column of rocks is a fourth. 



To prove the identity, however, will require a slow, pains- 

 taking, continous survey along the State line, chiefly through 

 the lower tier of New York counties, for at least 150 miles. 



But supposing the identification made — it then becomes 

 probable, that — 



1. The thin conglomerate, 110' to 120' above the Cascade 

 (Fall's creek, Panama, Sd Oil sand) would very well rep- 

 resent the 2d Oil Sand. 



2. The Mansfield reds (beneath it) would represent the 

 Venango reds. 



3. The lower part of the Venango group would be of 

 Chemung age, and the upper part of Catskill age. 



Nos. 21 to 25 of the Cascade section (fig. 10) are well- 

 known Chemung shaly and flaggy strata full of Spirifera 

 disjuncta, Spirifera mesacostalis, Rhynchonella contracia y 

 Productella boydii, and many other fossil shells which I 

 could not certainly identify in the field. — Crinoidal stems, 

 and their fragmentary discs, are very abundant in many of 

 the layers. — Nearly all these rocks are of a dark brownish- 

 olive color ; and the layers of stone break into rudely pris- 

 matic blocks from V to 2' thick. 



