GREAT BEND. G 5 . 93 



350' from the base of Xo. 13, the lowest member, up to the 

 base of No. 1 the highest. 



No. 1 sandstone is always quite massive and usually much 

 coarser than any other member of the group. 



The base of the group, No. 13, comes 380' above the level 

 of Great Bend station (884') or 25' lower than the base of 

 the same stratum at the "Fort '76" cliff, one mile and a 

 half southwest. This shows a slight reversal of dip toward 

 the north. 



A low anticlinal axis therefore crosses the Susquehanna 

 near Great Bend. 



At the horizon of No. 15 an opening has been made for 

 flagstone in a field just north from Great Bend. The layers 

 were quite thin and shaly however, and of a brownish or 

 olive color. 



The valley of the Susquehanna in this township is filled 

 with morainic material and is from 1J to 2 miles in breadth ; 

 the Drift seems to be all of local origin since no bowlders of 

 granite or any metamorpliic rocks are to be seen. 



The appearance of the Susquehanna valley is such as to 

 indicate the presence of an old buried channel of consider- 

 able depth, since in places it flows over a Drift-covered bot- 

 tom ; but as far as I could learn no explorations have ever 

 been made that w^ould test the matter. It is true that at 

 some localities the bed of the river is now paved with rocky 

 strata, as may be seen between the Avails of its gorge at 

 " Red rock " but this is evidently a new cut, since the ancient 

 channel of the stream may now be seen one half mile further 

 south, filled with Drift which silted it up during the Glacial 

 Epoch ; thus it is possible that in all cases where a rock bot- 

 tom is now seen in the Susquehanna it is not flowing over 

 the ancient or pre-glacial channel. 



The Chemung rocks which line the valley of the Susque- 

 hanna, as well as those of the Lower Catskill above them, 

 contain considerable quantities of binoxlde of manganese 

 disseminated in small particles ; and in some instances it has 

 been carried down into the bogs and deposited in the shape 

 of wad ; at one of these localities near Great Bend, several 



