THE TREES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 49 



wood is employed for the same purposes as that of 

 the Black Spruce. 



4. Hemlock Spruce. (A. Canadensis, Michx.) 

 — Universally known in our mountains as Spruce 

 Pine, though the name here preferred is not unknown. 

 The latter is a very common appellation of the Yel- 

 low Pine in this State. The Hemlock is found as far 

 north as Hudson's Bay ; whether south of North 

 Carolina I have not learned. It is almost entirely 

 confined, in the mountains, to the borders of torrents 

 and cold swamps, but extends down to their very base. 

 This is a larger tree than the preceding Spruces, but 

 does not attain here, as in higher latitudes, the stature 

 of 70 or 80 feet, and a diameter of 2 or 3 feet. In 

 its light spreading spray and delicate foliage it is a 

 more graceful tree than the others. The leaves are 

 light green above and silvery beneath. They spread 

 two ways upon the branches, while in all the other 

 Spruces they spread from every part of them. The 

 cones are i to 1 inch long, and gracefully depend from 

 the ends of the branchlets. The timber is used to 

 some extent at the North, but is of inferior impor- 

 tance. The bark, however, is extensively and almost 

 exclusively used for tanning in some parts of New 

 England. Though inferior to Oak bark, it is said 

 that the two united are preferable to either alone. 



White Cedar. (Cupressus thyoides, Linn.) — In 

 North Carolina, and some other portions of the 

 South, this seems to be known only under the name 

 of Juniper. But as it is not Juniper, I do not hesi- 



