64 THE TREES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



fords a fine yellow dye ; but the tree is too small and 

 too little multiplied to furnish material for extensive 

 use. In the vicinity of the Pee Dee River this Oak 

 is called Blue Jack. 



There is a dwarf variety of this, called Running 

 Oak and White Oak Runners (var : pumila, Michx.), 

 which is, I believe, the smallest Oak known. It 

 rarely reaches a height of 3 feet, and bears a profu- 

 sion of acorns at the height of 15 and 20 inches. The 

 foliage is very similar to that of the preceding, but is 

 smaller and becomes smoother in age. It abounds in 

 creeping roots from which its small stocks spring. It 

 is found only in the Lower District, especially near 

 Wilmington, from whence it is sparingly found in the 

 Barrens as far to the south as Florida. 



12. Water Oak. (Q. aquatica, Cates.) — This is 

 not found beyond Maryland. It is abundant in our 

 Lower District, and in some parts of the Middle, on 

 the borders of swamps and in the river bottoms, and 

 extends somewhat into the Upper. It is 40 or 50 

 feet high, and 12 to 20 inches in diameter. The 

 leaves are pear-shaped, as in the Black Jack, being 

 much the broadest at the upper end, but are smaller, 

 smoother and paler green than in that species. The 

 bark is seldom used for tanning. The wood, though 

 very tough, is not much employed for economical 

 purposes, being inferior to other kinds of Oak. On 

 the Roanoke I have heard this called Turkey Oak, 

 a name also given to the Spanish and Post Oaks. 



The foliage of this tree varies very much in differ- 



