THE TREES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 91 



slightly notched. The fruit is very much like that 

 of the Green Ash. The wood is redder than in the 

 White Ash, is harder and less elastic, but used for 

 the same purposes. 



4. White Ash. (F. Americana, Linn.) — Diffused 

 through the United States. With us it is not very 

 abundant, but occurs along streams and the borders 

 of low grounds in the Middle and Upper Districts. 

 It is 50 to 70 or 80 feet high, and 2 to 3 feet through. 

 It has a straight trunk, with grayish furrowed bark, 

 and smooth bluish-gray branchlets and shoots. The 

 leaflets, in Summer, are very smooth, of a light green 

 above and whitish beneath, very slightly toothed on 

 the edges. The fruit is about \\ inch long, narrow, 

 and with a long slender base, the wing springing 

 from near the summit of the seed. The heart-wood 

 is reddish, and is considered superior to the other 

 Ashes in strength and elasticity. For all the pur- 

 poses which require these properties, it is employed 

 by carriage-makers, wheelwrights, shipwrights, turn- 

 ers, and coopers. There are but few trees of the 

 American forests more valuable and more extensively 

 used than this. It is withal a very showy tree in 

 private grounds. 



ELMS. — A genus of trees too well known to need 

 a particular specification of their characters. The 

 fruit is small, flat, and with a thin winged margin. 



1. Elm. (Ulmus Americana, Linn.) — This mag- 

 nificent shade tree is well known throughout the 



