100 THE TREES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



found elsewhere to the North and South, and from 8 

 to 20 fe§t high. The leaves are 3 to 5 and sometimes 

 6 inches long, about half as broad, with fine sharp 

 teeth on the edges, smooth on both sides, and taper- 

 ing at the upper end. The berries are red, not in 

 clusters, and with seeds as in No. 4. 



6. (I. verticillata, Gray.) — This occurs in all the 

 Districts, and in various soils, 2 to 10 feet high, and has 

 clusters of bright scarlet berries which hang on through 

 the Winter. In some States it is called Winterberry. 

 The leaves are about 2 inches long, of varying width, 

 but generally broader toward the upper end, coarsely 

 toothed, paler and somewhat downy on the underside. 

 The seeds are smooth and even. A decoction of the 

 bark is a popular application to old sores. 



7. Gallberry. (I. glabra, Gray.) — This and the 

 next species are evergreen shrubs, indiscriminately 

 called by the above name, sometimes Galls, more 

 rarely Inkberries, names apparently derived from 

 their black bitter berries. This is from 3 to 5 feet 

 high, very common in the Branch swamps of the 

 Lower District, and giving its name of Galls or Gall- 

 bays to the low places chiefly occupied by it. The 

 leaves are very smooth and green, sparingly toothed, 

 1 to 1£ inch long, and about half that width. 



8. Tall Gallberry. (I. coriacea, Chapm.) — 

 This grows in similar situations with the preceding, 

 having the same habit and appearance, but full 

 twice as large, the leaves also much larger, and either 

 entire or with scattered sharp teeth. 



