THE FORESTS OF NORTH CAROLINA. 219 



nuts ; three of the five birches ; six of the eight hick- 

 ories ; and all (seven) of the magnolias ; more spe- 

 cies of oaks than in all the States north of us. It 

 goes without saying that here is a source of business, 

 of freights and manufactures* capable of immediate 

 and indefinite expansion and development. Of the 

 twenty kinds of timber admitted to the ship-yards of 

 New York, nearly all are found here. The following 

 is a partial catalogue of the commercial timbers com- 

 mon to one or another section along this tract : Pine, 

 six species ; white pine ; fir, three species ; hemlock ; 

 juniper; cypress; red cedar; oak, fourteen species; 

 hickory, six species ; walnut, two species ; chestnut ; 

 beech ; black locust ; maple, three species ; ash, four 

 species; elm, three species; cherry; holly; dogwood; 

 .gum, two species ; sassafras ; palmetto ; magnolia 

 ((incumber tree) ; persimmon ; poplar ; birch, two 

 species ; sycamore ; tulip tree (poplar) ; linn (bass- 

 wood) ; sixty-four species, valuable for their timber. 

 Among these, a single species, the long-leaf pine, 

 yields in timber and naval stores, products of $3,000,- 

 O00 value annually; and the long-leaf pine belt is 

 traversed by more than fifty miles of the C. F. & Y. 

 V. R. R. There are many other trees and shrubs of 

 less importance, or whose value consists less, or not 

 at all, in their timber, but in their leaves or bark, as 

 the sumac, sweet gum, cane, etc. ; and in addition to 

 these, several hundred species of medicinal plants are 

 gathered for export to all parts of the world (such 

 as ginseng, hellebore, etc.), amounting to many thou- 



