218 APPENDIX. 



lation is distributed in 89 principal villages, or fixed encampments, ex- 

 tending by the route of Lakes Huron and Superior, through the region 

 of the Upper Mississippi, to Pembina on Red River. That 302 of the 

 whole number live in temporary encampments, or rather, migrate, along 

 the bleak shores of Lake Huron west of the 2nd, or Boundary Line 

 Detour ; 436 occupy the American side of the straits and river St. 

 Mary's; 1006 are located on the southern shores of Lake Superior 

 between the Sault of St. Mary's and Fond du Lac, 1855 on the ex- 

 treme Upper Mississippi, between Little Soc River, and the actual source 

 of this stream in Itasca Lake ; 476 on the American side of the Old 

 Grand Portage, to the Lake of the Woods ; 1174 on Red River of the 

 North; 895 on the River St. Croix of the Mississippi ; 1376 on the 

 Chippewa River and its tributaries, including the villages of Lac du 

 Flambeau and Ottawa Lake ; 342 on the heads of the Wisconsin and 

 Monominee rivers; 210 on the northern curve of Green Bay; 274 on 

 the north western shores of Lake Michigan between the entrance of 

 Green Bay, and the termination of the straits of Michilimackinac, at 

 Point St. Ignace ; and 5,674, within the peninsula of Michigan, so far 

 as the same is embraced within the limits of the Agency. The latter 

 number covers an estimate of the Ottawa and Chippewa population in- 

 discriminately. 



For the accommodation of these bands, there have been established 

 thirty-five principal trading posts, exclusive of temporary trading sta- 

 tions, occupied only in seasons of scarcity. These pests are distributed 

 over six degrees of latitude, and sixteen degrees of longitude, and em- 

 brace a larger area of square miles, than all the states of central Eu- 

 rope. Much of it is covered with water, and such are the number and 

 continuity of its lakes, large and small, that it is probable that this fea- 

 ture, constitutes by far, its most striking peculiarity. Its productions are 

 fish, wild rice, and game. But such are the precariousness and disper- 

 sion of the supply as to keep the whole population of men, women, and 

 children, in perpetual vacillation, in its search. The time devoted in 

 these migrations, is out of all proportion, to the results obtained b}' agri- 

 culture, or by any other stated mode of subsistence. And the supply is 

 after all, inadequate. Seasons of scarcity and want are the ordinary oc- 

 currences of every year ; and a mere subsistence is the best state of 

 things that is looked for. 



Traders visit them annually with outfits of goods and provisions, to 

 purchase the furs and peltries, which are gleaned in their periodical mi- 



