APPENDIX. 



houses, mining tillages, enclosed fields, upland prairies (an al- 



mo«t continued prairie), groves, ipringS, and brooks, have formed 

 the prominent features of the landscape. The impulse to the 

 settlement of the country was first given b\ it! mineral wealth; 



and a brought here, as it wen by magic, an enterprising and act- 

 in population. I Dt that a far greater amount of labor 

 was ,i |,\v years ago engaged m mining operations; hut the in- 

 trmsie value of the lands has operated to detain the present pop- 

 ulation, which may he considered as permanent. The lands are 

 beautifully disposed, well watered, well drained by natural stream-, 

 and easily brought into cultivation. Crops have every where re- 

 paid the labors of the farmer; and, thus far, the agricultural 

 produce of the country has borne a fair price. The country ap- 



tll'ord every facility for raising cattle, horses, and 00 

 .Mining, the cardinal interest heretofore, has not ceased in the 

 degree that might be inferred from the depression of the lead 

 market; and it will be pursued, with increased activity, whenevi r 

 the purposes of commerce call for it. In the present situation 

 of the country, there appear to be two objects essential to the 

 lasting welfare of the settlements: — first, a title to their lands 

 from Congress ; second, a northern market for the products of 

 their mines and farms. To these, a third requisite may be con- 

 sidered auxiliary, namely, the establishment of the seat of terri- 

 torial government at some point west of Lake Michigan, where 

 its powers may be more readily exercised, and tire reciprocal 

 obligations of governor and people more vividly felt. 



Mr. Bligham, in whom I was happy to recognise an esteemed 



1, conducted us over his valuable plantation. il< > gave me 



a mass of a white, heavy metallic substance, taken as an accom- 



penying mineral, from a lead of Galena, which he has recently 



discovered in a cave. Without instituting any examination of it 



raal char ■ , it may be deemed a 



native carbonate of bad. The mass from which it was broken 



bed ninety or one hundred pounds. And its occurrence, at 

 the lead, was not alone. 



I Mm the Bine Mound to Fori Winnebago is an estimated dis- 

 tance of fifty-six miles. The country is, however, i otirely in a 

 state of nature. The trace is rather obscure ; but, with a know- 



