12 ¥\ REPORT OF PROGRESS. E. W. CLAYPOLE. 



elevation from 200 to 500 feet above the drainage level, and 

 are some of them cultivated in common with the valleys. 



The arrangement of the greater number of these hills is 

 remarkably complicated, but perfectly easy to comprehend 

 with the aid of the colored geological map. 



The arrangement of the others, forming a second class by 

 themselves, and having nothing in common with the first 

 class either in shape, size, or in rock composition, is on the 

 the other hand quite simple, as the map shows. 



Bills of No. VII (OrisJcany.) 



These consist of sandstone on one side and limestone on 

 the other ; the limestone rocks passing down under the 

 sandstone, and commonly leaving the sandstone to form the 

 main rib or crest of the hill, with a slope of shale. 



The Lower Helderberg limestone No. VII being colored 

 blue on the map, and the Oriskany sandstone No. VII yel- 

 low, the continuity of the hills of this class along its out- 

 crop, zigzaging more than a dozen times over the county, 

 is evident at a glance. However broken for a moment in its 

 course by some stream, the hill range continues to mark 

 the surface from township to township. However confused 

 the landscape may appear to the traveler on the high road, 

 or reviewing it from one of the hills of the range, it becomes 

 at once reduced to an intelligible order when a neighboring 

 mountain is ascended, and the broad expanse is looked 

 down upon from above. The long lines of the zigzags are 

 then seen fading away in the distance, or uniting in pairs 

 or groups in the near foreground. 



Occasionally the sandstone outcrops are so complicated 

 as to constitute the bulk of the hill, and the limestone slopes 

 sink in comparison into the valleys. In othercases the lime- 

 stone locks are so massive and repeated as to spread out 

 into wider and higher hilltops, while the sandstone belt 

 forms a selvage of lower elevation and minor importance. 

 Bui the idea of a continuous range is never lost, and the 

 union of the sandstone and limestone is indissoluble over 

 the whole area, except along the extreme southern border 

 of the county (at the foot of the Blue mountain approach- 



