90 F\ REPORT OF PROGRESS. E. W. CLAYPOLE. 



A little farther to the east we find the Lower Hamilton 

 shale brought up on the south side against the Marcellus 

 on the north ; and farther on, the lower shale, about 500 feet 

 thick, occupies both sides of the fault. 



As we approach the township line which lies on the water- 

 shed, parting the south fork of Montour run from the trib- 

 utary of the Little Juniata, a high connecting ridge of 

 Lower Hamilton shales rises on the south side of the fault, 

 exposing the Marcellus at its base into which a tunnel (six 

 feet square in section) has been driven in search of coal. 



On the north side lies the Hamilton sandstone, through 

 wdiich the fault here cuts obliquely, causing a lateral dis- 

 placement of nearly a mile, through which the road |)asses 

 from the low r er to the upper shale without crossing any 

 sandstone ridge. 



Entering Centre township the fault passes along the strata 

 as they rise to the Crawley arch, leaving the synclinal west 

 end of Mahanoy ridge separated from the anticlinal east 

 end of Crawley hill. The latter is so far eroded as to ex- 

 pose the Hamilton lower shale for more than two miles from 

 Little Germany. 



The throw is greatest near the watershed on the township 

 line where the lower part of the Lower Hamilton shale is 

 brought up against the Upper Hamilton shale, and may be 

 estimated thus : 



Upper Hamilton shale, (part,) 150 feet. 



Hamilton sandstone, 600 " 



Lower Hamilton shale, 400 " 



1150 " 



But as the beds dip at about 45° the actual vertical dis- 

 placement is more, being in proportion to the size of the 

 angle of dip. This will give about 1600 feet. 



The fault extends into Centre township almost to Bloom- 

 field, gradually dying out. But it may be traced by a slight 

 valley and by the increased thickness of the Hamilton upper 

 shale as far, at least, as the residence of Mr. William Brun- 

 ner. Its total length is about four and a half miles. 



