IRON OKE, LIMESTONE, AND COAL. F 2 . 97 



often hollow, and is hence called "pipe ore." Sometimes 

 it is more cellular, when it is termed "honeycomb ore." 



This is, or rather has been, the most extensively worked 

 ore in the county. Its outcrop follows the outcrop line of 

 the Oriskany sandstone throughout its zigzag course, being 

 seldom entirely absent. At the same time its thickness is 

 very variable, ranging from 12 or 14 feet down to one or two 

 feet in no great distance. This renders the mining uncer- 

 tain and hazardous. It is worthy of notice that where the 

 ore attains its greatest thickness, the accompanying lime- 

 stone is absent, and the ore with its inclosing white and 

 black clay lies on the Oriskany sandstone. This may be 

 seen at the Clouser works south of Newport ; at the Reeder 

 works northeast of Bloomfield, and at the Long works 

 three miles west of Bloomheld. When the limestone and 

 its lime shales reappear, the ore thins down. 



At the Clouser works, where it can be best seen, the ore 

 occurs in two or three beds with intervening strings all 

 massed in a white clay. The whole is taken out and washed 

 together. The thickness of the mass is at the least 15 or 20 

 feet. No trace of the limestone is visible on either side of 

 the ore, which here lies in a syncline of the Oriskany, con- 

 taining a small secondary fold which largely increases the 

 accessible amount of ore. The structure of limestone ridge 

 at this place is shown on Page Plate VIII, Fig. 1. 



The Marcellus ore has been mined at the following (with 

 other) places in Perry county : 



(1.) Limestone ridge. 

 The Clouser works, south of Newport. 

 The Reeder works, near old Juniata furnace 

 One mile north of New Bloomfield. 



(2.) Iron ridge. 

 Half a mile south of the old Perry furnace 

 Half a mile west " " " " 



(3.) Mahanoy ridge. 

 At New Bloomfield. 

 Three miles west of New Bloomfield. 

 Four miles " ik " 



7F\ 



