3. CENTRE TOWNSHIP. F 2 . 103 



bed, without much success. Thence it runs along the north 

 foot of Mahanoy ridge to the western boundary of the town- 

 ship. It has been opened in two places with some success. 

 One of these places is on the farm of Mr. George Barnett, at 

 Bloomfield, where the adit which has been driven along the 

 ore-bed enters just above the level of the Little Juniata, and 

 is carried in until the ore is reached. The ore which is brought 

 out is what is locally called pipe ore. This name is given 

 to it on account of its occurring in hollow masses which 

 sometimes resemble pipes. It is the stalactitic brown hem- 

 atite of the mineralogist. These so-called x^ipes are usually 

 full of clay, the presence of which renders it necessary to 

 wash the ore. Horse-power was here employed for the pur- 

 pose, the water of the stream being pumped up and deliv- 

 ered at the upper end of a long sloping trough. The ore is 

 thrown into the lower end of the same, and a shaft fitted 

 with iron studs, set askew upon it, turns continuously in 

 the trough. The shaft acting as an interrupted Archime- 

 dean screw, slowly raises the ore against the stream of water 

 and delivers it at the upper end comparatively free from 

 clay and ready for hauling. This is the process usually em- 

 ployed for washing ore throughout the district. 



Work has been discontinued for some time past at this 

 level, (1883,) the ore-bed being of small thickness, and the 

 contiguous Marcellus limestone well developed. I have ob- 

 served in Perry county that these two beds usually bear an 

 inverse ratio to each other. AVhere the ore is thick the 

 limestone is thin or absent, and vice versa, so that the pres- 

 ence of the Marcellus limestone may be considered a strong 

 argument against the existence of the ore. 



Barnett % ore bank section, New Bloomfield. 



200 ±0" Marcellus black shale. 



Marcellus upper ore bed. 



Hard greenish calcareous shales with Atrypa reticularis,^ 



Marcellus limestone. 

 Marcellus shale. 



Soft green ish shales with Beyrichia. 



Marcellus lower ore bed, brown hematite, stalactitic and 

 slaty— thin bed of fossil ore. 

 20' 0" Oriskany sandstone, soft and friable, pebbly. 



13 F\ 



2' 



0' 



5' 



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L0' 



0' 



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4' 



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