L98 F'\ REPORT OF PROGRESS. E. W. CLAYPOLE. 



caps the limestone with its rugged range of pulpit rocks. 

 Bui the Hamilton sandstone is massive and hard enough 

 to stand up in bold lines along the township, and so far to 

 resist the weather as to maintain a steep slope on one or 

 both Hanks. Consequently it forms not only the most con- 

 spicuous, but the most important feature in the physical 

 geography of the township. 



T lie first outcrop of the Hamilton sandstone. — The Buf- 

 falo hills are the most northerly line of outcrop of this for- 

 mat ion. A long, straight, high wooded ridge of sandstone 

 enters the township southwest of Mannsville and ranges E. 

 30° N. to the road between New Bloomfield and Newport, 

 when, at the lower end of the narrows, it suddenly turns 

 back upon itself and runs W. 30° S. to near the old Juniata 

 furnace. Here turning again it resumes its former course 

 and passes the line into Oliver township. This doubling 

 back of the sandstone upon itself is the cause of the great 

 length of Newport narrows. The stream — Inoculate run- 

 has cuts its way through the sandstone at its very widest 

 point, and zigzagging along has made its course yet longer. 

 See Plate XVII, page 178, Figs. 2 and 3. 



Probably the doubling of the sandstone formed a line of 

 weakness where the rocks were more crumbled and broken 

 than elsewhere. Moreover, the elevation of the ridges was 

 less because there are in that place three instead of one as 

 in the rest of the range. The water from Limestone ridge 

 consequently was thrown into this channel by the latter 

 cause, while the former rendered the destruction of the 

 rocks more easy and rapid. 



There are three other gaps or narrows through the Buffalo 

 hills in Centre township, down which the water comes from 

 Limestone ridge into the Little Buffalo. 



The Juniata Furnace gap is about a mile west of Newport 

 narrows. Through this the old road to Newport passed. 

 Traces of it may be yet seen near the south end. Less nar 

 row and picturesque than some of the other passes, n con 

 tains one of the finest tracts of hemlock spruce that can be 

 seen in the town-hip. Hie ruins of the old furnace works 

 remain in t lie middle of the narrows. 



