208 P" REPORT OF PROGRESS. E. W. OLAYPOLE. 



the exposure of the former near the house of Mr. S. Brown, 

 where die smooth, thin shales of the lower are gradually 

 supplanted by the more sandy beds of the dpper group con- 

 taining their characteristic thin, squarely fracturing sand- 

 stone beds. 



Brick-clay and sand. 



Clay suitable for making bricks is found in several places 

 in the township. A bed exists close by New Bloomfield 

 on the ground of Mr. Barnett where many thousand bricks 

 have been made and burnt. Their quality is fair but not 

 excellent. They shrink very much in the fire when burnt 

 al a high heat and are said to bend. This brick-field and 

 another of similar quality belonging to Mr. William Brun- 

 ner, about two miles southwest, supply most of the bricks 

 employed in the town. They are sold on the ground at 

 prices varying, according to quality, from $5 50 to $7 00 a 

 thousand. 



These clay beds are all composed of the material washed 

 down from the neighboring hills. The clay is white with a 

 faint tint of blue. It contains a considerable quantity of 

 iron, as is shown by the color of the bricks. 



The beds are not thick, the workable depth being only 

 about two feet. Below that the clay contains fragments of 

 shale which render it unsuitable for the purposes of the 

 brickmaker. It occurs where the valleys are a little wider 

 and flatter than usual but nof in the narrower and deeper 

 ones, and is evidently the product of the flooding of swampy 

 ground during many years. A similar white marl is often 

 found in several places in digging ditches through low-lying 

 Lands, so thai brick-making material is abundant. 



Sand for building purposes is obtained from two sources 

 in Centre township. That which is used in New Bloomfield 

 and to the south is found at the outcrop of the Oriskanv 

 sandstone, south of the town. Differing here from its usual 

 condition this formation, instead of being hard and resist- 

 ant, is soft and Friable, so that it can be dug out with a 

 spade. At the exposure on Mr. Barnett' s land it ispebbly, 

 the pebbles being fine and white and having the appearance 



