4. GREENWOOD TOWNSHIP. F 2 . 219 



posure here. The Marcellus black shale may occasionally 

 be seen on the northern slope of Wild Cat ridge, but its 

 outcrop is usually buried beneath the wreckage from the 

 heavy Hamilton sandstone above it. 



''Along Turkey ridge, (north side of Pfoutz's valley,) 

 where the surface is higher than along Wild Cat ridge, the 

 surface ore indicates the presence of the bed below, but it 

 has been opened at very few points, and mined only at two. 

 At Isaac Troutman's, 6J miles northeast of Millerstown, in 

 one season's work for Maria furnace, 300 or 400 tons were 

 taken from an open cut. The bed varies from 1 to 3 feet." 



u On Michael Hull's land, on the Turkey Valley road, 4 

 miles northeast of Millerstown an open cut produced in one 

 season a few hundred tons for Maria furnace. The bed was 

 reported one to two feet thick." 



The Hamilton group. 



Two lines of outcrop of the Hamilton rocks cross this 

 township. The northern runs along the county line from 

 east to west and its hard sandstone forms the crest of Turkey 

 ridge. The southern line comes in from Liverpool township 

 formiug Wild Cat ridge, and acts as a barrier to Cocalamus 

 creek, compelling it to now southwestward to join the Ju- 

 niata. Near its mouth the creek has cut into the Hamilton 

 strata of the ridge, beginning probably when it and the 

 Juniata flowed at a much higher level. Its mouth is now 

 on the south side of the ridge. There can be little or no 

 doubt that it once met the larger stream close to the place 

 where Millerstown now stands. It looks as if the range 

 turned slightly to the southwest on approaching the Juniata, 

 at the same time declining in height. But in reality Coca-' 

 lamus has cut farther and farther southward and has car- 

 ried away the whole mass of material which once occupied 

 the triangular space north of its mouth, and faced Raccoon 

 ridge on the right bank of the river. 



The gradual change in the nature of the Hamilton sand- 

 stone as it is traced from the west of Greenwood township 

 to the east deserves notice. Hard and solid near the Juni- 

 ata river it becomes softer and more shaly as its outcrop ap- 



