7. JUNIATA TOWNSHIP. F 2 . 237 



the southward, till it again struck its former barrier along 

 the foot of which it then liowed toward the Juniata. 



Since the country was cleared and the drainage improved 

 by clearing the streams the iiood plain has been lowered as 

 has happened with other streams in the county. Proof of 

 former greater height of the flood waters is afforded by a 

 thick deposit of red and green clay from which good bricks 

 are made on the land of Mr. Tressler about one mile west of 

 Juniata. 



The northern part of Juniata township with the southern 

 part of Tuscarora forms the wildest and bleakest district in 

 Perry county. Hilly but not mountainous, cleared but 

 sterile, with thin soil and that- chiefly made of the dis- 

 integration of the Chemung shales, it presents little to at- 

 tract the farmer or the geologist. The best use that could 

 be made of a considerable part of it would be to allow it to 

 go back into timber. 



Juniata township includes the smallest number of geo- 

 logical groups found in any township in the county. It is 

 entirely made of the Chemung and Catskill rocks. The 

 great thickness of these two, about 10,000 feet, enables their 

 outcrop to cover a great extent of country and this is 

 doubled by the synclinal axis which passes through the 

 township. 



The Chemung group, {VIII.) 



This group occupies the northern and southern parts of 

 the township, crossing it in two broad belts from east-north- 

 east to west-southwest. The southern outcrop extends 

 along the line of the Little Buffalo creek the softer lower 

 beds lying under the flat plain of the creek at the east and 

 crossing gradually to the north bank as their dip diminishes. 

 The upper, harder, and sandy portion of the Chemung, ris- 

 ing rather abruptly from the valley and forming the south 

 side of Middle ridge, is a broad rounded range coming into 

 the township from Saville on the west, passing across it as 

 the water-shed between the Buffalo and Little Buffalo, and 

 then leaving it to enter Oliver, where it terminates in the 

 bluff overlooking Newport. 



