238 V'. REPORT OF PROGRESS. E. W. OLAYPOLE. 



Middle ridge is for the most part cleared and cultivated, 

 but its soil, so far as it consists of the decomposed Chemung 

 shale, is poor and souk 1 of ir is partially passing back into 

 woodland. At the eastern end the whole ridge is composed 

 of Chemung rocks, but westwardly the red Catskill beds 

 come in and occupy fully half the ground. Along the top 

 runs one of the best roads in the county. Middle Ridge 

 load, affording beautiful views, especially to the northward 

 over Perry, Juniata, and Mifflin counties, to the line of the 

 East Shade mountain. Many small exposures occur along 

 the road ascending Middle ridge from the south but fossils 

 are not abundant though characteristic. They are mostly 

 in bad condition toward the east in consequence of com- 

 pression, but farther west where the dip is flatter they have 

 suffered less. 



The Chemung-Catskill and Catskill, ( VIII-1X ; IX.) 



As the Chemung so the Catskill crosses this township in 

 two broad belts, which, however, occur in the middle of the 

 Buffalo (Lykens valley) syncline and therefore adjoin each 

 other and really form one wide tract, occupying all the 

 middle of the township from east to west. Their outcrop 

 necessarily grows narrower toward the west where it passes 

 into Saville township and thence into the air. 



Nearly the whole surface of the Catskill in this township 

 is cleared and cultivated except the steep banks of the 

 Buffalo. The soil is usually good, composed of the decom- 

 posed red shale and sandstone with a few intervening yellow 

 and green beds of no great thickness. The lower beds of 

 this group form the top and north slope of Middle ridge 

 except at its eastern end where it is wholly composed of 

 the Chemung shale They consist of the usual succession 

 of red shale and sandstone and present no feature requiring 

 further notice. 



The KingsmiU sandstone, in No, IX. 



This remarkable stratum, of which a detailed account is 

 given in the report on Carroll and Penn townships, reap-. 

 pears in the Buffalo (Lykens valley) syncline in full force. 



