24'J F\ REPORT OF PROGRESS. B. W. CLAY POLE. 



ing in the comity surpasses, for distant effect, the prospect 

 from Liverpool. 



The Onondaga shale, (V.) 



A slight outcrop of these shales exists in this township, 

 in the northwest, at the east end of Pfoutz's valley. Only 

 the uppermost beds are shown just before they sink under 

 the overlying Lower Helderberg limestone. 



The Lower Helderberg limestone, No. VI. 



Two outcrops of this formation occur in Liverpool town- 

 ship ; perhaps, however, being connected at one end, they 

 should be regarded as one. The northern line enters Liver- 

 pool from Greenwood, runs round the east end of Pfoutz's 

 valley, and turning runs W. S.W. alone: the south side of the 

 valley, leaving the township about a mile south of the place 

 at which it entered. It is well exposed along both lines, 

 and lies so high that it is easily worked. Many quarries 

 have been opened in the township, and a great quantity of 

 lime burnt. The head of Pfoutz's valley is indeed the great 

 store-house for this material for the county round. Of late, 

 however, the kilns at Georgetown, on the opposite side of 

 the Susquehanna, have competed in supplying the eastern 

 part of Liverpool, Susquehanna, and other townships on 

 the liver bank. The lime is said to be of better color and 

 quality and is delivered at the same price. 



The upper rubbly beds of this group are usually exposed 

 in the quarries. These beds lie below the fossiliferous lime- 

 stone shales, and above the more solid limestones, and yield 

 very few fossils except the ubiquitous Leperdilla alia. The 

 beds 'lip steeply from the middle of the valley north and 

 south in the west of the township, gradually folding round 

 to th»' east at tin 1 place where the two lines of outcrop meet. 

 Here, however, the limestone lies low and cannot be so well 

 or so easily quarried. The flint beds near the top of the 

 limestone are well developed, and form a magnificent ridge 

 in some parts of their outcrop. In many places the land is 

 perfectly covered and white with their wreckage, making its 

 cultivation almost impossible. Fortunately the strip of 



