8. LIVERPOOL TOWNSIIIP. P. 243 



flinty ground is never wide. It runs round the edge of the 

 valley outside of the limestone and inside the sandstone of 

 Wild Cat and Turkey ridges. 



The Ham ilt on group, ( VII L) 



The outcrop of the Hamilton group enters Liverpool from 

 Greenwood and runs almost due east nearly to the Susque- 

 hanna river, where, turning, it runs west-southwest, as 

 shown on the map, reentering Greenwood. Along its 

 northern outcrop its harder beds from Turkey Ridge. 

 Along its southern outcrop, the same beds show them- 

 selves in Wild Cat ridge. 



The physical nature of the rocks is not so strongly con- 

 trasted as in the middle townships of Perry county. The 

 change is very conspicuous in the sandstone. In Centre 

 and neighboring townships it is very hard, 500 or 600 feet 

 thick, always forming steep, rugged, and wooded hills. 

 Here in Liverpool its beds are much softer and less sandy. 

 The proportion of shale is greater. In consequence the 

 ridges which it forms are less abrupt and rocky. Wild Cat 

 ridge and Turkey ridge lose much of their steepness as they 

 approach the Susquehanna, and in many places are culti- 

 vated to their very tops. Pfoutz's valley is therefore not 

 Bo well defined at its eastern end as near the Juniata river. 

 Its bounding ridges sink and becoming comparatively in- 

 significant, are crossed by numerous roads without the 

 roughness and steepness that usually mark roads on the 

 Hamilton sandstone. 



The point of the angle formed by the meeting of the two 

 outcrops of the Hamilton sandstone lies between one and 

 two miles from the river and forms the eastern termination 

 of Pfoutz's valley, itself the eastern end in Perry county 

 of the long Tuscarora anticline, of which more will be 

 written under the head of the Chemung group in Liverpool 

 township. 



The Genessee, Portage, and Chemung groups, (VIII) 



The outcrop of these rocks may easily be traced on the 

 geological map of the township given herewith. They fol- 



