13. rye township. F°. 313 



Susquehanna bridge gives a complete section of the upper 

 four hundred feet, showing a large predominance of beds 

 of red shale and sandstone and a subordinate mixture of 

 thin olive and yellow shales between them. 



The thick gray shaly beds which form so conspicuous a 

 feature in the upper part of the Onondaga in many places 

 in the county are here missing, or if present are as red as 

 those below them. The thickness of the group is rather 

 less in Rye township than farther west. 



The Lower Helderberg limestone, the Oriskany sandstone 

 and shales, the Marcellus ore and shale, and the Hamilton 

 lower shales are all absent from the exposures in the east 

 end of the township, and very thin at its extreme west end. 



The Hamilton lower shale, (VIII.) 



These beds. which reach a thickness of about 500 feet in 

 the middle of the county, thin down in Rye township and 

 altogether disappear at the river, unless the shaly lower 

 beds of the Hamilton sandstone be considered to represent 

 them. As these latter are fossiliferous (containing species 

 common in the sandstone), and the shales are remarkably 

 barren at every outcrop in the county, the former view is 

 the more probable one. 



The Hamilton sandstone, (VIII) 



The Hamilton sandstone is well exposed in the tow T nship. 

 Its outcrop forms a conspicuous ridge called Little mount- 

 ain which runs in a straight line from west to east. It is in 

 fact a continuation of the same range in Carroll township, 

 where under different names it may be traced to the eastern 

 end of Dick's hill. 



Little mountain, like almost all the other Hamilton sand- 

 stone ranges in the county, is steep, rough, and wooded. 

 Its summit in some places is a pile of disjointed masses of 

 the sandstone. At its eastern end, on the Northen Central 

 railway, is a nearly complete section of this rock in which 

 its vertical (or overthrown) beds are well shown. The total 

 thickness here is about 800 feet greater, than anywhere else 

 in the countv where I have been able to measure it. Its 



