322 F 9 . REPORT OF PROGRESS. E. W. OLAYPOLE. 



exists from north to south through the gap, the engineering 

 difficulties being apparently beyond the reach of the town- 

 ship. A long detour is thus rendered necessary. All the 

 drainage of the township is carried off by the Buffalo, ex- 

 cept a small quantity at the southeast corner which enters 

 the Little Buffalo, and another at the southwest which flows 

 into Sugar run or Bixlers run. 



Reports of the discovery of copper and lead ore in the 

 slope of Tuscarora mountain have sometimes excited great 

 interest in this township. There is no improbability of 

 their occurrence, but hitherto mere traces have been seen, 

 which in themselves offer little inducement to mining. 



The Medina sandstone. No. IV. 



The straight anticline of Tuscarora is the only appearance 

 of this sandstone in the township, and this in itself presents 

 no features differing from those noted in the adjoining town- 

 ship. Run gap, however, so called, in reality only a ravine, 

 deserves some notice as it exhibits to the geologist the pro- 

 cess in action of cleaving an an ticlinal mountain. Some geo- 

 logical accident determined the outbreak of a spring in this 

 place. The water slowly cut its way back into the slope, 

 undermining and carrying away the rock until the mount- 

 ain side was gashed so deeply that the Lower Red Medina 

 was exposed, the only place in the whole range where it can 

 be seen. This erosive process was accompanied by the de- 

 velopment of other springs as the gap increased, and the 

 quantity of water was thereby rendered larger. The gap 

 having reached the axis of the mountain, spread both ways 

 along it, and a longitudinal valley is consequently in pro- 

 cess of formal ion which will in time extend nearly the whole 

 Length of the range. Tuscarora will then become what 

 Conecocheague* Bower, Shade, Blacklog, and Jack's mount- 

 ains have already become : double monoclinal mountains 

 with a valley between them. Bun gap thus affords an in- 

 teresting lesson to geologists, who here see the beginning 

 of a process which in its results becomes so important. 



