14. SAV1LLE TOWNSHIP. F*. 325 



beds are cut off. South of this line of outcrop four anti- 

 clinal axes develop three synclinal knobs of the limestone 

 which show conspicuously at the quarries east of the village. 

 The anticlines being eroded, these synclinal knobs stand 

 out boldly, and the structure of the more southerly may 

 be well seen. The beds are nearly horizontal but very much 

 broken and crushed by flexure. The fracture has formed 

 several caverns of considerable size and depth, the walls of 

 which are covered with stalactite and the floor with a mass 

 of stalagmite, sometimes twelve inches thick. The lower 

 beds only are exposed and appear to have the usual thick- 

 ness of about 40 feet. 



The Oriskany sandstone. No. VII. 



This well-marked bed crosses the township in almost a 

 straight line, zigzagging only at the place where the Buffalo 

 has cut its way through the several sandstone barriers into 

 the great syncline. Probably this fold in the rocky walls 

 has had some influence in determining the passage of the 

 stream. The double fold here probably cracked and weak- 

 ened the strata so that erosion was more easy than else- 

 where, otherwise the Oriskany presents no unusual features 

 and requires no further notice. 



On the eastern line of the township the Oriskany zigzags 

 twice, and one of the salient points thus formed extends 

 nearly to Ickesburg. The tracing of these lines is difficult 

 and slight errors may exist in their location on the map. 



The Marcellus limestone, shale and ore, ( VIII. ) 



The exposures of the limestone and shale of this group, 

 which afford so valuable material in Madison township, ex- 

 tend into Saville. But the description given in the account 

 of Madison will suffice. Near Sandy hill is one of the sul- 

 phur springs so common in the black shale. 



The Marcellus iron ore crops out near Sandy hill and 

 might probably be found along the whole line if sought. 

 But its appearance is much less striking than in Madison 

 township. 



