15. SPRING TOWNSHIP. F 2 . 333 



The township is abundantly supplied with limestone. 

 The outcrop of the Lower Helderberg zigzags to and fro 

 across its northern portion, and forms a narrow line on its 

 northern edge, and again enters and traverses it twice in the 

 southern part. It uniformly makes high bold ridges often 

 capped with the Oriskany sandstone. From many of these 

 ridges beautiful and extensive views can be obtained over 

 the county reaching from Tuscarora on the north to Blue 

 mountain on the south, and including westward the doub- 

 lings and foldings of the latter round the various closed 

 valleys in the southwest of the township. 



The northeastern part of the township is rather a wild 

 and rough district, the confused ranges of Mahanoy ridge, 

 Crawley hill, and North and South Furnace hills almost 

 meet here in a focus, leaving either very narrow valleys be- 

 tween them, or else actually running together. The pic- 

 turesque hamlet of Little Germany lies nestled in the valley 

 between the termination of Mahanoy ridge and Crawley hill. 

 Both these and the Furnace hills consist of the Hamilton 

 sandstone, four lines of which, therefore, traverse the town- 

 ship from its eastern boundary to its middle. 



The drainage from this part of the township is brought 

 down by Beggar's run to Bridgeport where it falls into 

 Sherman's creek, and by the north and south branches of 

 Montour's run which empties itself near Landisburg. 



Green run, joined by a smaller one from the east, brings 

 down the drainage of the south part of the township by 

 Oak Grove furnace, and reaches Sherman's creek just before 

 the latter strikes the sandstone of Pisgah hill, and is de- 

 flected to the northwest, a course which it is compelled to 

 follow for three miles until it passes through the gap which 

 it has made for itself at Gibson's rock. 



The Medina sandstone, No. IV. 



A narrow strip of the sandstone forms the southern edge 

 of the crest of the Blue mountains in Spring township. 

 Its length is less than three miles, and it calls for no longer 

 notice. 



