384 V\ REPORT OF PROGRESS. K. W. CLAYPOLE. 



The outcrop of these rocks across the township gives a 

 meager soil, with rolling surface, much cut down by streams 

 some of which flow in valleys, the sides of which are too 

 steep lor cultivation, and are therefore covered with timber. 



The Chemung -Cat skill and Catskill, No. IX. 



These red shales and sandstones occupy the whole south- 

 ern and southeastern part of Watts township. Its surface 

 is, like that of the Chemung rocks, rolling and cultivated. 

 Its soil is good and well watered. Its slope is gradually to 

 the south, giving it a warm exposure. 



As with the Chemung group, so with the Catskill, the 

 beds are much folded and contorted, sometimes standing 

 almost vertical and at other times lying almost horizontal. 

 Consequently the area underlaid by these rocks is much 

 larger than their mere thickness Unlike the Chemung, 

 however, the Catskill group does not thin out to the south- 

 east, but maintains its full mass, which in Watts township 

 is probably at least 6000 feet. But its outcrop reaches from 

 a point nearly two miles north of Haldeman's Island to the 

 base of Peter's mountain, a distance of nearly four miles. 

 The contortion is confined to the lower and softer beds, the 

 harder red sandstones which form the foot-hills of Peters 

 mountain and pass under the Pocono sandstone dip regu- 

 larly and continuously to the S S. E. 



The Kingsmill sandstone shows evident traces of its 

 presence in the township by forming one or more stony 

 ridges of white sandstone. But in the midst of so much 

 contortion and displacement it has been impossible to trace 

 it, as it was traced in Penn and Carroll townships. More- 

 over it is not apparently so fossiliferous as there, and con- 

 sequently is more difficult to follow. Enough evidence, 

 however, lias been obtained to justify the extension of the 

 horizon through the township, though not enough to enable 

 me to represent it with close accuracy on a ma}). 



The Wast Duncannon trap-dyke. 



Our of the trap-dykes of which an account may be found 



in tli«' report on Penn and Rye townships and also in the 



