20 RANUNCULACE^:. caltha. 



TROLLIUS. 



leaves and white or yellow flowers Sepals- 5-15. petaloid. Pet- 

 als none. Stamens numerous Pistils 5-15, several ovuled, be- 

 coming several-seeded, flattened follicles that are dehiscent their 

 whole length on the inner edge. 



C. leptosepala DC. Syst. i, 310. Stems erect, 2-8 inches high, 1-2-flow- 

 ered ; the lower flower subtended by a petaloid lanceolate bract : leaves 

 roundish- to oblong-cordate, longer than wide, irregularly crenate-toothed : 

 sepals white tinged with purple outside, lanceolate, acute, 5-8 lines long: 

 follicles obscurely stipitate. Wet meadows, Mount Adams Washington to 

 the Rocky Mountains and Alaska. 



C. biflora DC. Syst. i, 310. Stems scape-like, 5-12 inches high, 1-2-flo- 

 wered: leaves round-reniform, with broad overlapping base, broader than 

 long, 1-4 inches broad, obscurely crenate : sepals white, oblong to spatulate, 

 obtuse, 6-10 lines long : follicles distinctly stipitate when mature. In 

 cold bogs and rivulets of high mountains. California to Alaska. 



C. palustris L. Sp. i, 784. Stems erect or ascending, rather thick and 

 succulent, 6-10 inches long or more, corymbosely or dichotomously branch- 

 ed above: lower leaves 2-4 inches broad, cordate or reniform, on petioles 

 3-9 inches or more long, crenately or acutely dentate, or quite entire ; cau- 

 line leaves on shorter petioles : flowers few, pedunculate, yellow ; sepals 5- 

 6, broadly oval, 6-9 lines long: follicles oblong, somewhat curved, mucron- 

 ate with the, at length, nearly straight style. In marshes, Oregon to 

 Alaska and the Atlantic States and Canada. 



8 TROLLIUS L. Gen. n. 700. 



Glabrous perennial herbs with palmately lobed or dissected 

 leaves, and few or solitary yellow or lilac flowers. Sepals 5-15, 

 regular, petaloid, deciduous. Petals 5-8, small, 1-lipped, tubu- 

 lar at base. Stamens and ovaries numerous. Follicles sessile, 

 somewhat cylindrical, many-seeded. Seeds oblong with a smooth 

 crustaceous testa. 



T. laxus Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. viii, 303 Stems erect, 1-2 feet high: 

 leavespalmately divided ; the segments many-cleft: sepals 5-6, spreading, 

 ochroleucous with a tinge of green beneath : petals 15-25, deep orange-yel- 

 low. Headwaters of the Skokomish river, Olympic Mountains Washing- 

 ton, and the eastern States. 



9 COPTIS Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. viii, 305. 



Low, smooth and shining evergreen herbs with 1-3-flowered 

 scapes and ternate or quinate leaves. Flowering in very early 

 spring. Sepals 5-7, petaloid. Petals as many, thread-like, en- 

 larging and cucullate near the upper end or near the middle. 

 Stamens 10-25. Follicles 3-12, stipitate, several seeded. Seeds 

 with shining crustaceous testa. 



§ 1. Chryza Gray Gen. 111. i, 38. Sepals oval. Petals shorter 

 than the stamens, clavate, with enlarged and thickened, hollow, 

 nectariferous summit. Leaflets 3, rarely 5, subsessile and undi- 

 vided. Scapes 1 -flowered. 



C. tri folia Salisb. 1. c. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets cuneiform-obovate, 

 mucronately toothed, obscurely 3-lobed, about an inch long: scapes slen- 

 der, .",-.") inches high, 1-nowered: sepals 5-7, oblong, obtuse, white : pet- 

 als shorter than the sepals, cucullate-obconic, white with yellow base, 

 soon deciduous: follicles ovate-oblong, longer than the style, equaled by 



