polygala. POLYGALE.E. 73 



than the rest, the others alternate with the inner sepals. 

 Stamens 6-8 hypogynous: filaments combined into a tnbe 

 which is split on the upper side and more or less connate with 

 the claws of the petals. Fruit loculicidal or indehiscent. 

 Seeds anatropous with a crustaceous testa. Embryo straight 

 in fleshy albumen. 



1 POLYGALA Tourn. L. Gen. n. 851. 



Sepals persistent: the wings large and petal-like. Petals 3, 

 their claws coherent with the staminal tube, the lowest one 

 keeled. Ovary 2-celled, ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous. 

 Capsule 2-celled, flattened contrary to the narrow partition, ellip- 

 tical, obovate, or obcordate. Seeds carunculate, with copious al- 

 bumen. Herbs shrubby at base, with simple entire leaves and 

 racemose or spicate flowers. 



P. Califomica Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 671. P. cucullata Bentli. Stems 

 slender from a woody base, 2-8 inches high : leaves oblong-lanceolate or 

 sometimes ovate- elliptical %-l inch long on very short petioles : flowers 

 rose-color on pedicels 1-3 lines long, without bracts : sepals glabrous or 

 nearly so, the outer 2% lines long, rounded-saccate at base; the wings 

 rather broadly spatulate 4-6 lines long : lateral petals linear-lanceolate, 

 somewhat ciliate, about equalling the keel : fruit mostly from apetalous, 

 flowers near the root; capsule glabrous, broadly ovate 2%-?> lines long, re- 

 tuse above, nearly sessile, narrowly margined : seeds 2 lines long some- 

 what pubescent ; the caruncle vesicular and wrinkled, calyptra-like, half 

 the length of the seed. Southwestern Oregon and California. 



Order XI. CAPvYOPHYLLACEiE Juss. 



Herbs sometimes suffrutescent at base with bland and inert 

 juice, regular and mostly perfect flowers, persistent calyx, its 

 parts and the petals 4 or 5 and imbricated, or the petals some- 

 times convolute, in the bud, stamens twice as many, or as 

 many and alternate with them or rarely fewer than the petals, 

 ovary 1-celled with a free central placenta bearing few to several 

 campylotropous ovules, the reniform seeds with a slender em- 

 bryo coiled around. the outside of farinaceous albumen. Stems 

 usually swollen at the nodes. Leaves often united at the base 

 by a transverse line, in one group with interposed scarious sti- 

 pules. Petals sometimes wanting. Stamens mostly hypogynous 

 around an annular disk, sometimes perigynous by its cohesion 

 with the base of the calyx. Styles 2-5 mostly distinct and 

 with the stigma running dow r n the inner face. Fruit a capsule, 

 opening by valves or by teeth at the summit. Flowers termi- 

 nal, or in the forks, or in cymes. 



Tribe i. Sepals united into a 4- or 5-toothed or lobed calyx. 

 Petals commonly with an appendage on the base of the blade 

 within, narrowed below into a conspicuous claw ; these and the 

 stamens borne on the stipe of the ovary. Styles distinct. Capsule 

 dehiscent at the summit by as many or twice as many teeth as 

 styles. Flowers comparatively large, perfect, or not infrequently 



