HELENIUM COMPOSITE 359 



GAILLAEDIA 



68 HELEXIUM L. Sp. 886. 



Erect herbs with alternate simple leaves and pedunculate heads 

 of usually yellow, flowers. Heads many-flowered. Bracts of the 

 involucre subulate or linear, herbaceous, spreading or soon reflex- 

 ed, usually some inconspicuous short scarious interior ones. Re- 

 ceptacle more or less elevated, naked. Disk-corollas usually with 

 short or almost obsolete proper tube and 4-5- toothed limb; the 

 teeth obtuse, glandular-pubescent. Achenes turbinate, 8-10-cos- 

 tate. Pappus of usually 4-6 thin scarious scales. 



§ 1. Oxylepis Gray Proc. Am. Acad ix, 205. Rays fertile, 

 numerous, long and narrow. Disk-corollas with moderately long 

 proper tube. Bracts of the involucre numerous, in 2 series. 



H. Uoopsii Gray Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 95. Slightly tomentose or 

 pubescent when young, soon glabrate : stem stout, 1-3 feet high, from a 

 strong perennial root, leafy bearing several or sometimes solitary large 

 heads: leaves thickish, entire, oblong-lanceolate, or the lower spatulate 

 with long tapering base, somewhat nervose : rays becoming inch long, 

 tardily reflexed : disk half to three-fourths inch high, hemispherical : recep- 

 tacle in fruit ovoid-hemispherical : scales of the pappus ovate-lanceolate, 

 long attenuate-acuminate, a little shorter than the corolla. Eastern Ore- 

 gon to California and the Rocky Mountains. 



§ 2 Euhelenium Gray Proc. Am. Acad, ix, 205. Involucre 

 comparatively simple and small, of slender linear or subulate of- 

 ten unequal bracts, soon reflexed. Rays fertile, rarely sterile or 

 wanting, soon drooping. Disk-corollas with proper tube very 

 short or reduced to a mere ring. 



H. antumuale L. Sp. ii, 866. Nearly glabrous or minutely pubescent : 

 stems rather stout, 2-6 feet high, corymbosely branched above, narrowly 

 winged by the decurrent bases of the leaves : leaves lanceolate to ovate-ob- 

 long, acute or acuminate, 2-5 inches long, dentate, narrowed below to the 

 sessile base : heads numerous, on long peduncles : bracts of the involucre 

 densely canescent : rays 10-18, drooping, as long or longer than the globose 

 yellow disk, fertile, 3-cleft: achenes pubescent on the angles : pappus-scales 

 ovate, acuminate or aristate, often lacerate or toothed. Wet grounds and 

 meadows, Oregon to Brit. Columbia and the eastern States. 



Var. grandiflorum Heads larger : rays 8-12 lines long: scales of the 

 pappus narrower and longer awned. Common in wet meadows, Washing- 

 ton to California, west of the Cascade Mountains. 



H. Bigelovii Gray Pacif. R. Rep. iv, 107. Almost glabrous: stems 

 simple or loosely branched, 2-3 feet high, conspicuously winged: leaves 

 from narrowly- to oblong- lanceolate, entire, 2-6 inches long; the radical 

 oblong-spatulate, long-petioled: heads solitary, on very long peduncles ; 

 rays 10-15, 8-10 lines long, spreading, longer than the depressed globose 

 yellow disk : scales of the pappus ovate-lanceolate or subulate, awn-pointed, 

 shorter than the corolla. In marshes, southwestern Oregon to California. 



69 GAILLARDIA Fougeroux Mem. Acad. Sci. Par. 1786, 5, t. 1. 



Erect herbs with alternate leaves and long-peduncled heads of 

 showy flowers. Involucre broad, the bracts in 2 or 3 series, all 

 but the inner series largely foliaceous or herbaceous and lax. 

 Rays neutral, rarely styliferous and fertile or none. Disk-corollas 



