386 COMPOSITE cnicus 



ends of the branches subtended by the upper leaves. Bracts of 

 the involucre imbricated in several series, the outer ovate, the 

 inner lanceolate, tipped by a pinnately branched spine. Recep- 

 tacle bristly. Achenes terete, striate, laterally attached, the 

 horny margin 10-toothed at the summit. Pappus of 2 series of 

 awns, the inner fimbriate the outer longer, naked. 



C. benedictus L. Sp. 826. Hirsute or pubescent: stems low and bran- 

 ching: leaves prominently reticulated, sinuate-pinnatifid or lacintate-den- 

 tate, the teeth or margins prickly ; lower attenuate at base ; upper narrowly 

 oblong, partly clasping by a broad base: heads sessile, inch and a half 

 high, equalled by the upper leaves: bracts of the involucre thin-coriaceous, 

 in few ranks, all or most of them abruptly tipped with a spinescent and 

 pectinately prickly spreading appendage : receptacle densely setose with 

 long and soft capillary bristles : corollas light yellow. In fields southern 

 Oregon to California and the Eastern States. Naturalized from Europe. 



Suborder II LIGULIFLOR^E DC. Prodr. vii 74. 



Flowers all ligulate and perfect, in a homogamous radiati- 

 form head. 



Tribe ix, CICHORACEJE Juss. Gen. 168. Herbs (or rarely 

 trees) almost always with milky bitter or acrid juice, alternate or 

 all radical leaves and yellow pink blue or white flrwers in involucr- 

 ate heads. Heads homogamous. the flowers all hermaphrodite and 

 with ligulate corolla. Receptacle flat or flattish. Ligules usually 

 5-toothed at the truncate apex. Anthers sagittate-auriculate at base, 

 not caudate: pollen- grains, scabrous, dodecahedral. Style-branches 

 filiform, minutely papillose, not appendaged but stigmatic lines ev- 

 ident only toward the base. 



§ 1 Pappus none. Receptacle naked. 



* Achenes with rounded or somewhat contracted apex and small 

 areola. 



93 Lapsana Heads paniculate: involucre erect: achenes obscurely 

 striate. 



§ 2 Pappus paleaceous or partly so; or aristiform, or plumose. 



* Caulescent herbs with small or reduced leaves on the rigid stems 

 or branches : receptacle not chaffy : flowers never yellow : achenes 

 usually short with truncate summit, not rostrate. 



94 Cichorium Flowers blue: pappus of numerous very short and 

 blunt palese in 2 or more series. 



95 Ptiloria Flowers pink or rose-color: pappus a series of plumose 

 bristles or rarely chaffy awns. 



* * Receptacle naked: achenes long-rostrate: pappus a series of 

 long-plumose bristles or awns. 



96 Tragopogoii. Flowers yellow or purple: pappus a series of stout 

 bristles somewhat united at base into a ring. 



* * * Involucre sparingly imbricated : receptacle with soft slender 

 chaff among the flowers : achenes either truncate or the inner ones 

 rostrate. 



