solanum SOLANACE^E 497 



4 Nicotiana Calyx persistent and more or less investing the capsule: 

 fruit a2-celled spuriously 4-valved capsule. 



Tribe I Solanex Endl. Gen. 66Jf. Corolla with the regular 

 limb plicate or valvate in the bud, usually both; that is the sinuses or 

 what answers to them plicate and the edges of the lobes induplicate. 

 Stamens normally 5, all perfect. Fruit berry-like or at least indehis- 

 cent, sometimes nearly dry, seeds flattened: embryo curved or coiled, 

 slender; the semiterete cotyledons not broader than the radicle. 



1 SOLANUM Tourn. L. Gen. n- 251. 



Herbs or shrubs with alternate leaves and white blue purple or 

 yellow flowers in cymes panicles or racemes. Calyx campanulate 

 or rotate, mostly 5-toothed or 5-cleft, not inflated in fruit. Co- 

 rolla rotate, the limb 5-angled or 5-lobed, the tube very short. 

 Stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla : anthers longer than 

 their filaments connate or connivent into a cone, opening at the 

 apex by a pore or short slit, and sometimes also longitudinally 

 even to the base. Ovary usually 2-celled. Fruit mostly globose, 

 the calyx either persistent at its base or enclosing it. 



S. nigrum L. Sp. 186 (Nightshade) Green and almost glabrous 

 or the younger parts pubescent : stem erect, freely branching, 1-2 feet 

 high from an annual root : leaves mostly ovate, petioled, 1-3 inches long, en- 

 tire, repand or sinuate-toothed, acutish to acuminate at the apex, cuneate 

 to rounded at base: peduncles lateral, unbellately 3-10-flowered, 6-18 lines 

 long: flowers white, on pedicels 3-7 lines long: calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse, 

 spreading, much shorter than the corolla, 4-10 lines in diameter, the spre- 

 ading or reflexed lobes acute : filaments more or less hairy inside: anthers 

 oblontr, obtuse, loosely connivent: style slightly exserted: berries globose, 

 smooth and glabrous, black when ripe, 4-5 lines in diameter, on nodding 

 pedicels. Waste places and cultivated fields. Widely distributed in near- 

 ly all countries as a weed, perhaps indigenous. 



S. villosum Lam. Enclycl. Meth. iv, 286. Loosely villous : stem erect, 

 freely branching from the base, 1-2 feet high from au annual root : leaves 

 ovate to broadly lanceolate the blade 1-2 inches long, coarsely sinuate- 

 toothed, narrowed below to a more or less winged slender petiole : pedunc- 

 les lateral 3-8- flowered, 1-2 inches long : flowers white, on pedicels 3-6 lines 

 long: calyx-lobes triangular-ovate half as long as the corolla enlarging at 

 length and embracing the fruit : corolla 4-5 lines in diameter the merely 

 spreading lobes acute: filaments glabrous to the base: anthers oblong ob- 

 tuse : berries globular, 3-4 lines in diameter, yellow when ripe. In fields 

 and waste places, southern Oregon and western California. Introduced 

 from southern Europe. 



S. triflorum Nutt. Gen. i, 128. Slightly hairy or nearly glabrous: 

 stem branching, 1-3 feet high from an annual root: leaves oblong, 2-4 

 inches long, pinnatifid, with entire or dentate oblong to lanceolate lobes 

 and broad rounded sinuses : peduncles lateral, 1-3-flowered, 6-12 lines long : 

 calyx-lobes oblong to lanceolate, shorter than the corolla, persistent at the 

 base of the berry : corolla white, 4-5 lines in diameter: anthers oblong, ob- 

 tuse : berries globose, green and about 5 lines in diameter when mature. 

 In fields, and waste places, Idaho to Ontario, Nebraska and Arizona. 



S. umbelliferum Esch. Mem. Acad. Petrop. x, 281. Tomentose-pu- 

 bescent and cinereous with short many-branched hairs, sometimes glab- 

 rate : stems erect or declined, woody below, 1-2 feet long from a perennial 



