668 TYPHACE.E sparganium 



TYPHA 



tropous, with straight axile embryo and copious albumen. 



1 Sparganium Flowers in globular heads with foliaceous bracts. 



2 Typha Flowers in a cylindrical compact terminal spike. 



1 SPAKGANIUM L. Sp. 971. 



Aquatic herbs with erect or floating stems, linear alternate leaves 

 and small flowers densely crowded in globose heads on the upper 

 part ot the stem and branches, the staminate heads uppermost. 

 Spathes linear, immediately beneath or at a distance below the 

 head. Perianth represented by a few chafTy scales. Stamens 

 usually 5, with distinct filaments and oblong or cuneate anthers. 

 Ovary sessile, mostly 1-celled, Fruit nut-like. 



S. eurycarpum Engelm. in Gray's Man. ed. 2, 430. Stems stout, 

 2-8 feet high, branching: leaves linear, flat, slightly keeled, the lowest 2-6 

 feet long, the upper shorter : staminate heads numerous ; pistillate heads 

 2-4 on the stem or branch, sessile or peduncled, compact, 10-16 lines in di- 

 ameter when mature : style 1 ; stigmas 1 or 2 : nutlets sessile, 3-5 lines long, 

 obtusely 4-5-angled, narrowed at base, the top rounded, flattened or de- 

 pressed, abruptly tipped with the style : scales as long or nearly as long as 

 the fruit, and as many as its angles, often with 2 or 3 outer ones, some- 

 what spatulate, the apex rounded and denticulate or erose. In marshes 

 and along streams, California to Brit. Columbia and the Eastern States. 



S. audrocladum Morong Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, xv, 78. Stems slen- 

 der, more or less branching 10-20 inches high ; pistillate heads 3-7, sessile 

 or the lowest peduncled: style 1 : stigmas 1, rarely 2: heads 6-12 lines in 

 diameter when mature : scales oblong, as long as the nutlets or shorter : 

 nutlets fusiform, 2-3 lines long, often strongly contracted at the middle, 

 tapering into the style, pedicelled. In ponds, Oregon to Brit. Columbia 

 and the Eastern States. 



S. simplex Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 2, 401. Stems slender, 2-20 inches 

 high, simple: leaves more or less triquetrous, 2-4 lines wide : staminate 

 heads 4-7, pistillate 2-6, sessil, or the lowest peduncled, 5-8 lines in diameter 

 when mature : scales about half as long as the nutlets, denticulate : nutlets 

 fusiform or narrowly oblong, obtusely angled at the apex, more or less 

 contracted in the middle, pedicelled: stigma linear, as long as the style 

 Borders of ponds and streams, California to Alaska and across the Continent* 



Var. angustifolium Engelm. in Gray Man. ed. 5, 481. Floating 

 in deep water: leaves very long, 1-2 lines wide, their sheaths often inflated 

 at base : pistillate heads 1-4, 3-7 lines in diameter. In mountain lakes and 

 slow streams, California to Oregon Newfoundland and New York. 



S. minimum Fries Sum Veg. ii, 560. Floating: stems very slender, 

 4 inches to 3 feet long: leaves very thin and lax, 1-3 lines wide: staminate 

 heads 1 or 2, pistillate 1-3, sessile 2-5 lines in diameter when mature ; scales 

 about half as long as the fruit, denticulate : stigmas oval, often oblique: 

 nutlets ovoid, slightly triangular, tapering abruptly into the style, 1-2 lines 

 long sessile or nearly so. In ponds and streams, Oregon to Utah, Michi- 

 gan, New Jersey and New Brunswic. 



TYPHA L. Sp. 971. 



Marsh or aquatic plants with creeping rootstocks, simple erect 

 terete stems, linear flat ensiform leaves with sheathing base, and 

 very numerous small flowers in dense terminal spikes subtended 

 by spathaceous usually fugaceous bracts, the staminate spikes 



