682 JUNCACE^ juncds 



loosely branching 1-3 inches long: perianth \%-iy z lines long its segments 

 lanceolate, acute, or the inner sometimes obtuse, brown with green midrib 

 and hyaline margins: stamens 6, about % the length of the perianth: an- 

 thers much longer than the filamants : capsule about as long as the peri- 

 anth, pale to dark brown, narrowly ovoid, conspicuously mucronate : seeds 

 usually with a loose coat. On shores of lakes and streams, Alaska to 

 California and across the continent : also Europe and Asia. 



++ +* Flowers in compound panicles, smaller : capsule obovate or 



subglobose. 



J. effusus L. Sp. 326. Pale green or yellowish : stems densely tufted, 

 3-4 feet high, from stout branching proliferous rootstocks : sheaths short or 

 mere rudiments : spathe short, often not exceeding the erect, loosely flow- 

 ered panicle : perianth 1-134 lines long, its segments green, lanceolate, acu- 

 minate : stamens 3, the anthers shorter than the filaments : capsule obovoid, 

 3-cleft, obtuse or retuse: seeds apiculate, finely ribbed, about 34 line long. 

 Common in swamps and wet places in most parts of the world. 



Var. Brunneus Engelm. Panicle usually veiy short and compact: 

 perianth and capsule dark brown. Near the coast, Oregon to California. 



J. patens Meyer Bel, Hsenk. i, 141. Densely tufted, pale green: 

 stems slender, 1-3 feet high : sheaths few, 1-4 inches long, acute : spathe 

 slender, 4-6 inches long : panicle small, often compact and somewhat se- 

 cund : perianth pale to light brown, its segments lanceolate, acuminate, 

 about 1% lines long : stamens 6, the anthers shorter than the filaments : 

 capsule subglobose, slightly angled, equalling or a little shorter than the 

 perianth, with thin septa, the valves breaking away from the central pla- 

 centae. In wet pices, Oregon and Washington to California. 



J. flliformis L. Sp. 326. Stems slender, 4 inches to 2 feet high many 

 of them sterile and appearing like leaves, from stout matted rootstocks": 

 sheaths purplish, obtuse, with a short bristle-like appendage : spathe usu- 

 ally longer than the stem: panicle rather few-flowered, 6-12 lines high : 

 segments of the perianth 1%-1% line long, green with hyaline margins, 

 narrowly lanceolate, acuminate: stamens 6, about half the length of the 

 perianth: anthers shorter than the filaments: capsule obovoid, green, 

 barely pointed, about % as long as the perianth, 3-celled : seeds oblong, 

 about 34 line long, pointed, at each end. In marshes, Washington to 

 Alaska andacross the continent. 



+- Low alpine perennials : flowers 1-3 : stamens 6. 



J. Drummondii E. Meyer Ledeb. Fl. Ross, iv, 235. Cespitose: 

 stems very slender, 10-16 inches high: sheaths green, obtuse, the inner 

 ones bristle-tipped : spathe filiform, 6-12 lines long, equalling or exceeding 

 the usually 3-flowered panicle: perianth-segments about 3 lines long, green 

 with brown margins, lanceolate, acute, or acuminate : anthers a little longer 

 than the filaments : capsule brown, oblong, retuse, nearly equalling the 

 perianth : seeds a line long, ovate, caudate, very finely striate. On the 

 highest mountains, California to Unalaska and the Rocky Mountains. 



J. Parryi Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad, ii, 446. Cespitose: stems 

 filiform, 3-10 inches high : inner sheaths leaf-bearing, the leaves sulcate at 

 base, terete above, much shorter than the steins: spathe longer than the 

 inflorescence, 6-18 lines long: panicle loosely 1-3-flowered: perianth-seg- 

 ments 3 lines long or more, more or less tinged with brown, lanceolate, 

 acuminate, or the inner obtuse: anthers much longer than the filaments : 

 capsule oblong, acute, about equalling the perianth : seeds ovate, caudate, 

 a line long, finely striate. On grassy slopes on the highest mountains, 

 Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. 



J. castaneus Smith Fl. Brit, i, 383, Stems erect, 4-20 inches high, 



