688 CYPERACE.E cyperus 



DULICH1UM 



obtuse, 2-4 lines long, many-flowered, densely capitate: scales oblong, pale 

 green, 3-nerved, coarsely cellular, condupJicate, with a short sharp more or 

 less recurved tip: stamens 1: style 3- cleft: achenes sharply 3 -angled, gray, 

 oblong, narrowed at each end, almost half as long as the scale. In moist 

 sandy soil, California to Oregon and Illinois. 



C. esculentus L. Sp. 45. C. phymatoides Muhl. Perennial by scaly 

 horizontal tuber-bearing rootstocks: stems usually stout, 6-30 inches high: 

 leaves bright green, as long or longer than the stem, 2-4 lines wide, the 

 midrib prominent; those of the involucre much longer than the inflorescence: 

 umbel 4-10-rayed, often compound: spikelets numerous, in loose spikes, 

 straw-color or yellowish brown, flat, spreading, 6-12 lines long, many-flow- 

 ered: scales ovate oblong, subacute, 3-nerved: rachis narrowly winged: 

 stamens 3: style 3-cleft: achenes obovoid, obtuse, 3- angled, In moist sandy 

 fields, Alaska to California and the Atlantic States. 



C. erythrorhizos Muhl. Gram. 20. Stems tufted, stout or glender, 3 

 inches to 2 feet high: leaves 1-4 lines wide, rough-margined, those of the 

 involucre 2-7, some of them often 4 times as long as the inflorescence: umbel 

 mostly compound, several-rayed: spikelets linear-subulate, 3-10 lines long, 

 less than a line wide, compressed, many-flowered, clustered in oblong nearly 

 or quite sessile spikes: scales chestnut-brown, oblong-lauceolate, mucronulate, 

 appressed, separating from the rachis at maturity: the membranous wings of 

 the rachis separating as a pair of hyaline interior scales: stamens three: style- 

 three-cleft: achenes sharply 3-angled, oblong, pointed at both ends, pale, i 

 as long as the scale. In wet soil, Oregon to California and the Eastern 

 States. 



C. Houghtoni Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii, 277. Perennial by tuber" 

 like corms: stems slender, erect, 1-2 feet high: leaves shorter than the stem' 

 a line or less wide-, smooth; those of the involucre 3-5, the longer much ex" 

 ceeding the inflorescence: umbel simple, 1-5-rayed, the rays mostly short' 

 their sheaths 2-toothed: spikelets loosely capitate, linear, compressed, acute* 

 4-8 lines long, about a line wide, 11-15-flowered, falling away from the axi s 

 when mature: chestnut brown, firm, somewhat spreading, shining, oblong, 

 obtuse, truncate or apiculate: rachis very narrowly Avinged: stamens 3: style 

 3-cleft: achene broadly oblong, 3-angled. brown, apiculate, nearly as long as 

 the scale. In sandy soil, along the Columbia river to the Eastern States. 



2 DULICHIUM L. C. Richard Pers. Syn. i, 65. (1805.) 



Tall perennial herbs with terete hollow jointed stems, leafy to 

 the top, the lower leaves reduced to sheaths, flat grass-like leaves 

 and perfect flowers in axillary simple or compound spikes. 

 Spikelets flat, linear, many-flowered. Scales 2-ranked, carinate, 

 conduplicate, decurrent on the joint below. Perianth of 6-9 re- 

 trorsely barbed bristles. Stamens 3. Style 2-cleft at the apex, 

 persistent as a beak on the summit of the linear-oblong achene. 



D. spathaceuni Pers. Syn. i, 65. Stems stout. 1-3 feet high, erect: 

 leaves numerous, flat, 1-3 inches long, 2-4 lines wide: spikelets shorter than 

 or the uppermost exceeding the leaves: pedicels 2-12 lines long: spikelets 

 narrowly linear, spreading. G-12 lines long, about a line wide, 6-1 2- flowered-' 

 scales lanceolate, acuminate, appressed, brownish: bristles of the perianth 

 stiff, loDger than the achene: style long-exserted. In marshes Oregon to 

 Minnesota and Nova Scotia. 



