698 CYPERACEjE carex 



§ 1 Atratte Kuntz Enum. PL ii, 431. Mostly alpine or 

 boreal species. Terminal spikes club-shaped and androgynous 

 with the staminate flowers below: pistillate spikes mostly short 

 and dark colored. 



C. alpina Swartz Lilj. Sv. Fl, ed. 2, 26. Stems slender, erect, rough 

 above, leafy only below the middle, 6 inches to 2 feet high, leaves roughish, 

 shorter than or equaling the stem : spikes 2-4, clustered at the summit, the 

 terminal 1 or 2 staminate below, oblong or globose, 2-5 lines long, sessile 

 or the lower peduncled : perigynia oval, orbicular or ovoid, light green, 

 about a line long, tipped with a very short minutely 2 toothed beak, 

 equaling or shorter than the ovate black or purple-brown, obtuse or acut- 

 ish scale: stigmas S. In rocky places, Oregon to Colorado, James Bay and 

 Lake Superior; also in Europe. 



C. Mertensii Prescott Bong, Veg, Sit. 168. Stems erect, rather slender, 

 2-3 feet high, rough on the very sharp angles, leafy: leaves broad and flat, 

 shorter than the stem : bracts leaf-like the lower exceeding the stem : 

 spikes 5-8, an inch or two long, very densely flowered, all more or less 

 staminate at base, the upper one conspicuously so, all drooping, on filiform 

 scabrous peduncles: perigynia very flat, broadly ovate, winged, very thin 

 in texture, green or whitish, much longer and wider than the purple white - 

 ribbed scale: Along streams, mostly high mountain streams, Oregon, to 

 Alaska and Montana. 



C. timelini Hook, Bot. Beech. 118. t. 27. Stems slender, erect, 1-3 feet 

 high, leaves erect, 1-2 lines wide: spikes 2-4, short and thick, peduncled, 

 awn of the scales hispid: perigynia ferruginous, smooth, Oregon to Alaska 

 and Siberia. 



C. fusca All. Fl. Ped. 11, 269. Slender, stiff, erect, sharp-angled rough 

 above 2-3 feet high : leaves rough, erect 1-2 lines wide, shorter than or 

 sometimes exceeding the stem: spikes 2-4, oblong or cylindric, erect : all 

 sessile, and close together or the lowest sometimes distant and very short 

 peduncled, 4-8 lines long, about 4 lines in diameter wheu mature, the 

 terminal one staminate at base or sometimes throughout: scales ovate 

 awn-tipped black or dark brown with green midvein, perigynia elliptic or 

 or somewhat obovate flat, ascending, a line long, very light'green, beakless 

 the apex minutely 2-toothed, shorter than the scales, stigmas 3. In bogs. 

 California to Alaska and the Eastern states, also in Europe. 



§ 2 Rigid^e Fries Summa. 72. Mostly stiff and rigid 

 with short and erect very closely flowered spikes, the terminal 

 one entirely staminate and purple or black. Bracts with auricu- 

 rate base. 



C. heteroneura W. Boott Bot. Cal. ii, 239. Stems slender erect 1-2 

 feet high, sharply angled: leaves narrow, flat, shorter than the stem, 

 lower bract leaf-like, nearly as long as the stem, sheathless: pistillate 

 spikes about a half inch long, 3 lines thick, sessile or the lower ones very 

 short peduncled, more or less contiguous, whitish or yellowish: perigynia 

 oval, smooth, straw color, thin in texture, narrowed abruptly into a very 

 short slightly emarginate beak, longer and broader than the obtuse or 

 muticose purple white-ribbed scale. In the mountains California to 

 Idaho. 



C. Rayuoldsii Dewey Sill. Journ. xxxii, 39. Stems 6-18 inches high, 

 sharply angled : leaves glaucous, 3-4 lines broad, flat, with revolute mar- 

 gins rather abruptly tapering to a triangular apex, shorter than the stem ; 

 spikes 3-6, oblong or obovoid, the staminate 4-9 lines long, sessile; pistil- 

 late 6-8 lines long, 3-4 lines thick, sessile or short peduncled, contiguous 



