phalaris GRAMINEA 721 



ANTHOXANTHUM 



Tribe 5 Phalarideas Kunth Enum. 118. Spikelets more or less 

 laterally compressed, 1-3-flowered. Glumes 5, the first 2 empty and 

 below the articulation of the rachella, the third and fourth usually 

 empty, very unlike the outer ones, rarely subtending staminate flowers, 

 sometimes reduced to mere bristles; the fifth glume with a 1-nerved 

 or nerveless palet and a hermaphrodite flower. 



6 PHALARIS L. Sp. 54. 



* Panicle dense and spike-like: glumes keeled. 



P. Canariensis L. Sp. 54. Sterna 1-3 feet high, from an annual root; 

 leaves flat, with the upper sheaths much inflated: spikes 1-2 inches long, 

 ovoid or somewhat cylindrical, very dense: glumes broad, with a conspicu- 

 ous keel with a distinct green line within it: rudimentary flowers represented 

 by small smooth lanceolate scales: perfect flowers with minute silky hairs 

 In fields and waste places: introduced from Europe. 



P. Caroliniana Walt. Fl. Car. 74. P. intermedia Bosc. Stems 6 

 inches to 4 feet high, smooth, from an annual root: leaves short, an inch long 

 or less, often glaucous; sheaths inflated: spikes 1-2 inches long, dense: spike- 

 lets 3 lines long: glumes with a broad keel, pointed rudimentary flowers 

 linear, hairy, less than half as long as the perfect one which is long-pointed, 

 hairy and one third shorter than the glumes, In waste places, Oregon to 

 California and the southern Atlantic States. 



P. amethystina Trin. Phalarid. 10. Stems rather slender, 2-8 feet 

 high, from a perennial root: leaves often purplish, short, the sheaths inflated: 

 spikes oblong, 1-2 inches long, usually purplish: spikelets 2 lines long or 

 more: glumes but slightly keeled: rudimentary flowers hairy, more than half 

 as long as the hairy perfect one. Along the coast, southern Oregon to Calif. 



* * Panicle branched: glumes not keeled. 



P. arundinaceae L. Sp. 55. Stems 2-fi feet high, from creeping per- 

 ennial rootstocks ; leaves 3 -20 inches long, 3-8 lines wide smooth panicle 4-8 

 inches long, its rough branches erect or somewhat spreading: spikelets 2 

 lines long, ovate: glumes pointed, 3-nerved, not keeled: rudimentary flowers 

 reduced to narrow silky scales, one-third as long as the perfect one which is 

 smooth or silky and one-third shorter than the glume. Common in low 

 grounds California to Brit. Columbia and the Atlantic States: also in Europe 

 and Asia. 



7 ANTHOXANTHUM L. Sp. 28. 



Panicle cylindrical, spike-like. Spikelets 3-flowered, the lat- 

 eral flowers neutral and consisting of a single palet ; the upper or 

 central one perfect. Glumes thin, unequal, the lower smaller, 

 1-nerved, the upper about twice as long as the lower and 3-nerved. 

 Palets of neutral flowers usually awned. Stamens 2. Ovary 

 glabrous. Stigmas feathery. Grain ovate, enclosed by the glume. 



A. odobatum L. Sp. 58. Stems erect aud rather slender, 1-2 feet high, 

 from a perennial root: leaves flat hairy: sheaths often hairy; the ligule short 

 and obtuse: panicle 1-6 inches long, interrupted below, often brownish: 

 spikelets 3-4 lines long: neutral palets 2 lobed, hairy, one with a bent awn 

 from near the base, the other short-awned below the tip: whole plant pleas- 

 antly scented when drying. Common in lawns and waste places: introduc- 

 ed from Europe. 



