PTERIDOPHYTA. 1 5 



pinnate; pinnae linear-lanceolate, short-stalked or sessile, mostly horizontal, acuminate 

 at the apex, nearly truncate at the base, 3-7 cm. long, slightly pubescent beneath, 

 deeply pinnatifid ; segments oblong, obtuse or appearing acute from the strongly revo- 

 lute margins; veins regularly once or twice forked; sori crowded, 10-12 to each 

 segment ; indusia reniform, slightly glandular or glabrous. In marshes, N. B. to 

 Manitoba, south to Fla. and Tex. Also in Europe and Asia. 



3. Dryopteris simulata Davenp. (I. F. f. 31.) Rootstock wide-creeping, 

 brownish; stipes 1.5-5 dm. long, straw-colored, dark brown at base, with deciduous 

 scales; leaves 2-5 dm. long, 5-16 cm. wide, oblong-lanceolate, tapering to an acu- 

 minate apex (abruptly tapering in the fertile leaf), little or not at all narrowed at 

 the base; pinnae 12-20 pairs, lanceolate, pinnatifid, the segments obliquely oblong, 

 obtuse, entire, slightly revolute in the fertile leaf; surfaces finely pubescent, espe- 

 cially near the midribs; texture rather thin; veins simple, nearly straight; sori 

 rather large, somewhat distant, 4-10 to each segment; indusia finely glandular at 

 the margins, withering-persistent. In woodland swamps, Me. to Conn, and Md. 



4. Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott. (I. F. f. 32.) Rootstock stout, with brown 

 shining scales. Stipes 5-10 cm. long, chaffy; leaves lanceolate, firm, glandular, 

 and aromatic, pinnate or nearly bipinnate, acuminate at apex, narrowed to the base, 

 7-30 cm. long; pinnae deeply pinnatifid, numerous, lanceolate, acute, 1.2-3 cm. 

 long ; segments oblong, obtuse, dentate or nearly entire, nearly covered by the 

 large sori; indusium thin, nearly orbicular, persistent long after the sporanges have 

 matured, its margin ragged and sparingly gland-bearing. On rocks, Labrador to 

 Alaska, south to Vt. and Wis. Also in Greenland, Europe, and Asia. 



5. Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray. (I. F. f. 33.) Rootstock stout, densely 

 chaffy. Stipes of the sterile leaves 5-12 cm. long, those of the fertile 1.5-2.5 dm. long; 

 leaves linear-oblong or lanceolate, acuminate, gradually and slightly narrowed to 

 the base, rather firm, 3-8 dm. long, 10-15 cm. wide, pinnate; pinnae lanceolate or 

 triangular-ovate, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid or the lower pinnate, the segments 

 6-10 pairs, serrate or incised; sori about midway between the margin and midrib; 

 indusium thin, glabrous. In wet woods and swamps, Newf. to Manitoba, south to 

 Ky. and Ark. Also in Europe and Asia. 



Dryopteris cristata Clintoni&na (D. C. Eaton) Underw. Leaves 8-12 dm. long, 

 with oblong-lanceolate pinnae which are broadest at the base and 10-15 cm. long ; seg- 

 ments 8-16 pairs, linear-oblong, obscurely serrate ; veins pinnately forking, bearing the 

 sori near the midvein. Me. and Ont. to N. J., Penn. and Wis. 



6. Dryopteris Goldieana (Hook.) A. Gray. (I. F. f. 34.) Rootstock stout, 

 chaffy. Stipes 2.5-4.5 dm. long, chaffy at least below ; leaves broadly ovate, rather 

 firm, 6-12 dm. long, usually 3 dm. or more wide, glabrous or nearly so, dark green 

 above, pinnate or nearly 2 -pinnate ; lower pinnae broadly lanceolate, widest at 

 about the middle, 1.5-2.5 dm. long, 2.5-5 cnl ' wide, parted into about 20 pairs of 

 oblong-linear subfalcate segments which are serrate with appressed teeth ; sori very 

 near the midrib, close together but distinct, large ; indusium orbicular, glabrous, 

 persistent. In rich woods, N. B. to Minn., south to N. Car. and Tenn. 



7. Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray. (I. F. f. 35.) Rootstock stout, ascend- 

 ing, chaffy with dark brown shining scales. Stipes 7-20 cm. long, chaffy below ; 

 leaves borne in a crown, ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate in outline, subcoriaceous, 

 I.5-7.5 dm. long, pinnate or 2-pinnate, acuminate at the apex, slightly narrowed 

 at the base ; pinnae numerous, lanceolate, nearly sessile, glabrous. 5-12.5 cm. long, 

 the lower broader and shorter than the middle ones, the upper pinnatifid, the lower 

 pinnately parted into oblong, sometimes slightly falcate obtuse entire dentate or pin- 

 nately lobed pinnules ; sori distinct, close to the margin, covered by the glabrous 

 indusium. In rocky woods, Pr. Edw. Isl. to Minn, south to Ga., Ala. and Ark. A 

 hybrid with D. cristata has been described. 



8 Dryopteris Filix-mas (L.) Schott. Male Fern. (I. F. f. 36.) Rootstock 

 stout, ascending or erect, chaffy. Stipes 10-15 cm. long, very chaffy below ; leaves 

 oblong-lanceolate, acute, or acuminate at the apex, slightly narrowed to the base, 

 3-9 dm. long, rather firm, half evergreen, pinnate or partly 2-pinnate ; pinnae 

 lanceolate, broadest at the base, gradually acuminate to the apex, 7-15 cm. long, 

 pinnatifid almost to the rachis or pinnately divided into oblong glabrous lobes or 

 pinnules ; pinnules slightly dentate, incised or nearly entire ; sori large, borne near 

 the midvein, more numerous on the lower halves of the segments ; indusium firm, 



