F IN ACE A E. 33 



bran lies spreading, the bark thick and rugged, flaky in age. Leaves in 3's, 

 (rarely some of them in 2's), slender, not stiff, light green, ascending or at length 

 spreading. 15-25 cm. long; tibro- vascular bundles 2 ; sheaths 16-25 mm. long when 

 voung ; cones lateral, spreading, oblong-conic, 7-12 cm. long, thick before the 

 scales open ; scales thickened at the apex, the transverse ridge prominent, acute, 

 tipped with a central short triangular reflexed-spreading spine. S. N. J. to Fla., 

 Tex. and Ark. April-May. 



10. Pinus rigida Mill. Pitch-pine. Torch-pine. (I. F. f. 119.) A tree 

 reaching a maximum height of about 27 m.. and a trunk diameter of 1 m.. the 

 branches spreading, the old bark rough, furrowed, flaky in strips. Leaves in 3's 

 (very rarely some in 4's). stout, stiff, rather dark green, 7-13 cm. long, spreading; 

 fibro- vascular bundles 2; sheaths 8-13 mm. long when young; cones lateral, ovoid, 

 3.5-7 cm. long, becoming nearly globular when the scales open, commonly numerous 

 and clustered ; scales thickened at the apex, the transverse ridge acute, with a 

 stout central triangular recurved-spreading prickle. In dry, sandy or rocky soil, 

 N. B. to Ont., W. Va., Ga. and Tenn. Develops shoots from stumps. April- 

 May. 



2. LARIX Adans. 



Tall trees with horizontal or ascending branches and small narrowly linear de- 

 ciduous leaves, without sheaths, in fascicles on short lateral scaly bud-like branch- 

 lets. Aments short, lateral, monoecious, the staminate from leafless buds ; the 

 ovule-bearing buds commonly leafy at the base and the aments red. Anther-sacs 

 2-celled. the sacs transversely or obliquely dehiscent. Pollen-grains simple. Cones 

 ovoid or cylindric, small, erect, their scales thin, spirally arranged, obtuse, persist- 

 ent. Ovules 2 on the base of each scale, ripening into 2 reflexed somewhat winged 

 seeds. [Name ancient, probably Celtic] About 9 species, natives of the north 

 temperate and subarctic zones. Besides the following 2 others occur in the western 

 parts of N. Am. 



1. Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch. American Larch. Tamarack. Hack- 

 matack (I. F. f. 120.) A slender tree, attaining a maximum height of about 35 m. 

 and a trunk diameter of 1 m.. the branches spreading, the bark close or at length 

 slightly scaly. Leaves pale green, numerous in the fascicles, 1-2.5 cm - l° n g- about 

 0.5 mm. wide, deciduous in late autumn; fascicles borne on short lateral branchlets 

 about 4 mm. long ; cones short-peduncled at the ends of similar branchlets, ovoid, 

 obtuse. 12-17 mm - l° n g> composed of about 12 suborbicular thin scales, their 

 margins entire or slightly lacerate. In swampy woods and about margins of lakes, 

 Newf. to the N. W. Terr., south to N. J., Penn., Ind. and Minn. March- April. 

 (L. Americana Michx.) 



3. PICEA Link. 



Evergreen conic trees, with linear short 4-sided leaves spreading in all direc- 

 tions, jointed at the base to short persistent sterigmata, on which they are sessile, 

 falling away in drying, the bare twigs appearing covered with low truncate pro- 

 jections. Leaf-buds scaly. Staminate aments axillary, nearly sessile; anthers 2- 

 celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent, the connective prolonged into an append- 

 age ; pollen-grains compound; ovule-bearing aments, terminal, ovoid or oblong; 

 ovules 2 on the base of each scale, reflexed, ripening into 2 more or less winged 

 seeds. Cones ovoid or oblong, obtuse, pendulous, their scales numerous, spirally 

 arrange 1. thin, obtuse, persistent. [Name ancient.] About 14 species, natives of 

 the north temperate and subarctic zones. Besides the following, 3 others occur in 

 the northwestern parts of N. Am. 



Twigs and sterigmata glabrous, glaucous ; cones oblong-cylindric. 1. P. Canadensis. 

 Twigs pubescent, brown ; cones ovoid or oval. 



Leaves not glaucous. 2. P. Mariana. 



Leaves glaucous. 3. P. brevi/olia. 



I. Picea Canadensis (Mill.) B. S. P. White Spruce. (I. F. f. 121.) A 

 slender tree, attaining a maximum height of about 50 m. and a trunk diameter of 

 I m.. but usually much smaller. Twigs and sterigmata glabrous, pale and glau- 

 cous; leaves light green, slender, 12-16 mm. long, very acute; cones cylindric or 



