78 FLORA. 



than the rest, obtuse, 5 -nerved; second, third and fourth scales about equal, the 

 second and third 5 -nerved, the fourth chartaceous. Kans. to Ariz., south to Tex. 

 and Mex. July-Sept. {Panicum obtusion 11. B. K.) 



15. ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. 



Usually tall grasses, commonly annuals, with broad leaves and a terminal in- 

 florescence consisting of one-sided racemes racemosely or paniculately arranged. 

 Spikelets 1 -flowered, singly disposed, or in smaller racemes or clusters on the ulti- 

 mate divisions of the inflorescence. Scales 4, the outer 3 membranous, hispid 

 on the nerves, the third and usually also the second scale awned, or sometimes 

 merely awn-pointed, the awn often very long; fourth scale indurated, shining, fre- 

 quently pointed, enclosing a palet of similar texture and a perfect flower. Stamens 

 3. Styles distinct. Stigmas plumose. Grain free. [Greek, in reference to the 

 stout hispid hairs of the spikelets.] Species about 12, mostly in warm and tropical 

 countries. 



Sheaths glabrous. 



Spikelets 3 mm. long, the second and third scales more or less awned. 



1. E. Crus-galli. 

 Spikelets 2 mm. long, the second and third scales merely awn-pointed. 



2. E. colona. 

 Sheaths, at least the lower ones, densely papillose-hirsute. 3. E. Walteri. 



I. Echinochloa Crus-galli (L.) Beauv. Barnyard-grass. Cockspur-grass. 

 (I. F. f. 243.) Culms 6-12 dm. tall, often branching at base. Sheaths smooth and 

 glabrous; leaves 1.5-6 dm. long, 6-25 mm. wide, glabrous, smooth or scabrous; 

 panicle composed of 5— 15 sessile, erect or ascending branches, or the lower branches 

 spreading or reflexed; spikelets ovate, green or purple, densely crowded in 2-4 

 rows on one side of the rachis; second and third scales about 3 mm. long, scabrous 

 or hispid, the third scale more or less awned, empty, the fourth ovate, abruptly 

 pointed. In cultivated and waste places, throughout N. Am. except the extreme 

 north. Widely distributed as a weed in all cultivated regions. Naturalized from 

 Europe. Aug. -Oct. {Panicum Crus-galli L.) 



2. Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. Jungle Rice. (I. F. f. 243a.) Culms 

 tufted, smooth and glabrous, 1.5-7.5 dm. tall, often decumbent and rooting at the 

 lower nodes. Sheaths compressed, usually crowded ; leaves flat, 2.5-17 cm. long, 

 2-8 mm. wide; inflorescence composed of 3-18 1 -sided more or less spreading dense 

 racemes, 6-30 mm. long, disposed along a 3-angled rachis and generally somewhat 

 exceeding the length of the internodes; spikelets single, in pairs, or in 3*s in 2 rows 

 on one side of the hispidulous, triangular rachis, obovate, pointed, the first scale 

 about one-half as long as the spikelet, 3 -nerved, the second and third scales a little 

 more than 2 mm. long, awnless, 5 -nerved, hispid on the nerves, the fourth scale 

 cuspidate. Fields and roadsides, Va. to Fla., Tex. and Mex. Common in all 

 tropical countries. March-Sept. {Panicum colonum L.) 



3 Echinochloa Walteri (Pursh) Nash. Salt-marsh Cockspur-grass. 

 (I. F. f. 244.) Culms 9-18 dm. tall, robust, smooth. Sheaths, at least the lower 

 ones, papillose-hispid; leaves 3 dm. or more long, 1.25-2.5 cm. wide, strongly sca- 

 brous above; panicle 1. 5-4. 5 dm. long, consisting of 10-40 ascending or spreading 

 branches; spikelets ovate-lanceolate, densely crowded in 2-4 rows on one side of 

 the scabrous and hispid rachis, brownish-purple; second and third scales about 3 

 mm. long, scabrous and hispid, tipped with upwardly barbed awns, sometimes 

 10-20 times their length; fourth scale ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. In marshes 

 and ditches, principally within the influence of salt-water, Ont. to N. H. and R. I., 

 Fla. and La. Aug. -Oct. {Panicum Walteri Pursh.) 



16. PANICUM L. (See Appendix.) 



Annuals or perennials, various in habit, with open or contracted panicles. Spike- 

 lets 1-2-flowered, when 2-fiowered the lower one staminate only. Scales 4, the 3 

 lower membranous, empty, or the third with a staminate flower, varying in the 

 same specie-; the inner or fourth scale chartaceous, shining, enclosing a palet of 

 similar texture and a perfect Bower. Awns none. Stamens 3. Styles distinct. 

 Stigmas plumose. Grain free, enclosed in the hardened fruiting scale and palet. 



