178 FLORA. 



to Fla., Tex., Mex. and Cal., extending north along the Pacific Coast to Ore. Also 

 in Ark. June— Sept. 



12. Scirpus Torreyi OIirv. Torrev's Bulrush. (I. F. f. 620.) Perennial 

 by rbotstocks; culms sharply 3 angled, rather slender, nodulose, 0.5-1.1 m. tall. 

 Leaves narrowly limar, elongated, nodulose, light green; spikelets 1-4, in an ap- 

 parently lateral capitate cluster, oblong, narrowed at each end, 10-16 mm. long; 

 mvolucral leaf 5-15 cm. long, erect; scales ovate or lanceolate, shining, chestnut- 

 brown, glabrous, mucronulate; bristles about 6, downwardly barbed, longer than 

 the achene; stamens 3; style 3-cleft; achene obovoid, smooth, shining, light brown, 

 3-angled, one of its sides broader and flatter than the others. In swamps, Vt. to 

 R. I. and Perm., west to Minn, and Manitoba. July-Sept. 



13. Scirpus mucronatus L. Bog Bulrush. (I. F. f. 621.) Perennial; 

 culms stout, tufted, 3-angled, smooth, 0.3-1 m. tall. Spikelets 5-12 in a capitate 

 cluster, oblong, obtuse, 8-18 mm. long, rather more than 2 mm. in diameter, sub- 

 tended by a linear abruptly spreading involucral leaf; scales broadly ovate, obtuse, 

 light brown with a narrow green midvein, mucronate ; bristles 6, stout, rigid, down- 

 wardly barbed, as long as the achene ; stamens 3 ; style 3-cleft ; achene obovoid, 

 smooth, shining, dark brown, 3-angled, two of the sides narrower and more convex 

 than the third. In a swamp in Del. Co., Penn. Probably adventive or fugitive 

 from Europe. Widely distributed in the Old World. July-Sept. 



14 Scirpus cylindricus(Torr.) Britton. Canby's Bulrush. (I. F. f. 622.) 

 Perennial by stout rootstocks ; culm stout, 3-angled above, 1-2 m. high, the linear 

 nodulose keeled dark green leaves nearly or quite as long. Involucral leaf 1-2.5 

 dm. long, erect ; spikelets in an apparently lateral umbel, drooping, oblong-cylin- 

 dric, acutish, 1-2 cm. long, primary rays of the umbel bracted by 1 or more subu- 

 late-linear leaves ; scales ovate or ovate- lanceolate; pale brown, acute, mucronulate ; 

 bristles 6, stout, rigid, about as long as the achene, serrate ; stamens 3 ; style 

 3-cleft; achene obovoid, 3-angled, light brown, smooth, abruptly subulate-pointed. 

 \\\ ponds and swamps, Md. to Fla. and La. July-Sept. [S. Canbyi A. Gray.] 



15. Scirpus validus Vahl. Great Bulrush. Mat-rush. (I. F. f. 623.) 

 Perennial by rootstocks ; culm stout, terete, smooth, erect, 1-3 m. tall, sometimes 

 2 cm. in diameter, sheathed below. Involucral leaf solitary, erect, shorter than 

 the umbel ; umbel compound, appearing lateral, its primary rays 2-10 cm. long ; 

 bracts linear-lanceolate ; spikelets becoming oblong-cylindric, sessile or some of them 

 peduncled, in capitate clusters of 1-5, 5-16 mm. long, 3-4 mm. in diameter ; scales 

 ovate or oblong, with a strong midvein which is sometimes excurrent ; bristles, 4-6, 

 downwardly barbed, equalling or longer than the achene ; stamens 3 ; style 2-cleft ; 

 achene plano-convex, obovate, gray, abruptly mucronate, dull. In ponds and 

 swamps throughout N. Am. June-Sept. 



16. Scirpus Californicus (C A. Meyer) Britton. California Bulrush. 

 (I. F. f. 624.) Perennial, similar to the preceding species, the leaves reduced to 

 basal sheaths. Involucral leaf short, stoutly subulate; umbel compound; spikelets 

 6-10 mm. long, acute, peduncled or some of them sessile; scales brown, ovate, awn- 

 pointed; bristles shorter than or equalling the achene, short plumose below; stamens 

 2-3; style 2-cleft; achene obovate, plano-convex, nearly white, narrowed above into 

 a short point, contracted at the base. In swamps, Fla. to La., N. Mex. and Cal., 

 and widely distributed in tropical America. Not certainly known within our area. 

 June-Aug. 



17. Scirpus rufus (Ffuds.) Schrad. Red Club-rush. (I. F. f. 625.) Per. 

 ennial; culms smooth, slender, somewhat compressed, 7-40 cm. tall. Leaves half 

 terete, smooth, shorter than the culm, channeled, 1-8 cm. long, less than 2 mm 

 wide, the lowest reduced to sheaths; spikelets red-brown, few-flowered, narrowly 

 ovoid-oblong, subacute, about 6 mm. long, in a terminal 2-ranked spike; involu. 

 cral leaf solitary, erect, equalling or longer than the spike; scales lanceolate, acute, 

 I-nerved; bristles 36, upwardly barbed, shorter than the achene, deciduous; 

 stamens 3; style 2-cleft; achene oblong, pointed at both ends, light brown, piano, 

 convex or slightly angled, 3-4 mm. long. In marshes, N. B. and (Jue. to the N. W. 

 Terr. Also in northern Europe. Summer. 



18. Scirpus interior Britton. 1'raikik BULRUSH. (I. F. f. 626.) Per- 

 ennial, culm siiHxith, sharply triangular, 0.3-0.5 m. tall. Leaves usually pale 

 green, smooth, 2-4111111. wide, those of the inYOlUCre 2 or 3, the longer much exceeding 



